44 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
lows. Among these are Typha latifolia L., Potamogeion polygonifo- 
lius Pourret, P. epihydnis Raf., Eriocaulon septangulare With., Nym- 
phozanthus variegaftis (Engelm.) Fernald, Myriophyllum tenellum 
Bigeh, Ilippuris vulgaris L., and Lobelia Vortmamia L. 
Phytogeography. 
In studying the geographic affinities of the flora of Sable Island, 
it was realized that this problem was but a small part of the much 
larger one of the relations and sources of the floras of Newfoundland, 
Prince Edward Island, and adjacent regions. It was, in fact, in the 
hope of throwing some light on this larger question that the trip to 
Sable Island was planned. x\nd now, in this discussion of the flora, 
the general scheme used by Prof. M. L. Fernald in his analysis of the 
geographic relationships of the flora of Newfoundland^ has been fol- 
lowed as far as it is applicable to this smaller flora. 
There is an element of definitely adventive plants, 51 in number. 
These are in most cases confined to the immediate neighborhood of 
the Life Saving Stations or the lighthouses, in the cultivated fields, 
along the paths, or near the stables. A few species such as Anthoxan- 
thum odoratum L., Rumex crispiis L., Rumex Acetosella L., Cerastitim 
vulgafum L., Trifolium rcpens L., and Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, 
have spread to the shores of the fresh-water ponds or to the dry dunes, 
and made themselves very much at home. In every case, however, 
they can be demonstrated as a foreign element in the flora. As a 
result of the very extensive tree planting on the island there are a 
few species or individual trees that have survived and must be con- 
sidered now as a part of the flora. These planted species total 15 in 
number. Together with the 51 adventives they give us a total of 66 
plants, which will be excluded from the further discussion of the phy- 
togeography of the island. 
The native flora consists of 147 species, varieties, and forms. They 
fall into the primary classes: 
Class I. Boreal types. 
Class II. Southwestern types. 
Class III. Endemic plants or species unknown on the American contin- 
ent. 
Class I. Boreal Types. — This class includes all of the plants that 
occur to the north of Newfoundland in Labrador proper, south-west- 
ern Greenland, or the Arctic regions. A few of the species could 
> Fernald, M. L.: Rhodora, xiii. 136 (1911). 
