ST. JOHN: SABLE ISLAND. 45 
be classed as Arctic, but the great majority are Hudsonian or Canad- 
ian types, and it does not, in considering this region, seem worth 
while to try to distinguish between them. The boreal types total 
45 plants, = 30 per cent, of the Sable Island flora. 
A few examples will indicate the make-up of this class: FJymiis 
arenarius L., var. viUosvs E. Mey., Spiranthcs Romanzoffiaiia Cham., 
Arenaria lateriflora L., var. typica (Regel) St. Johuy Drosera rotundi- 
folia L., Fragaria Tirginiana Duchesne, var. terrae-novae (Rydb.) 
Fernald & Wiegand, Potentilla jmhtstris (L.) Scop., var. parvifolia 
(Raf.) Fernald & Long, P. tridentata Ait., Empetrum nigrum L., Hip- 
puris ridgaris L., Ligusticnm scothicwn L., Coclople^inivi lucidum (L.) 
Fernald, Cornus canadensis L., Menyanthes trifoUata L., Euphrasia 
purpurea Reeks, var. Randii (Robinson) Fernald & Wiegand, Plan- 
tago decipiens Barneoud, Linnaea horcalis L., var. americana (Forbes) 
Rehder, Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) B. & H., var. suhalpina Gray, 
and Senecio Pseudo-Arnica Less. 
Class 11.^ Southwestern Types. — This class consists of plants found 
chiefly in regions to the southwest of Newfoundland. It totals S3 
plants = 55 per cent, of the flora. It falls into three subdivisions. 
Subclass A. Canadian and Alleghanian plants mostly common to 
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and coastal New Eng- 
land, but unknown in eastern Saguenay County, Quebec, or Labrador. 
These total 3(5 plants = 24 per cent, of the flora. 
As typical of this subclass may be listed: Polypodium vulgarc L., 
Osmunda cinnamomea L., Scirpus acutus Muhl., Spartina Michaux- 
iana Hitclic, Ilahenaria bractrata (Willd.) R. Br. (does not reach 
Newfoundland), liub^is hispidus Michx., Hypericum virginicum L., 
Galium Claytoni Michx., Mitchella repens L. (does not reach New- 
foundland), and Vihnnnim cassitioides L. 
Subclass B. Species having afflnities with the Southern Coastal 
Plain, usually belonging to genera or having nearly related species 
1 Class II of Prof. Fernald's discussion (1. c. p. 138), the Western types, is 
represented on Sable Island by only two plants, PoJygotium hydropipcraides 
Michx., var. psilostachijum St. John, occurring on Sable Island anil along the 
Columbia River in Washington, and Lycopus iotiflorus Michx., vmf. oralus 
Fernald tt St. John, occurring on Sable Island, at Canso, Nova Scotia, and at 
Sullivan's Gulch, Portland, Oregon. If Sable Island contained a greater di- 
versity of soils it is i)r()bable that more of these western jilants would occur 
there. Many of them are calcicoles, so it is not surprising that they are not 
to be found on Sable Island, which presents nothing but sand, wet or dry. 
