HOFFMANN: FLORA OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 349 
k'. The uppermost leaves chiefly entire, all tapering 
gradually to the base; racemes smooth. 
Panicle usually as broad as high; rays 8 to 12. 
S. juncea. 
Panicle usually longer than broad; rays 2 to 8. 
S. neglecta. 
i'. Basal leaves similar to the 30 to 100 (to 200) ordinarily 
almost uniform or gradually reduced cauline ones. 
I. Leaves all entire, with prominent mid-rib but 
obscure veins; leaves when crushed yield an 
odor as of anise S. odora. 
v. Leaves all or nearly all toothed, the veins promi- 
nent. 
Stems glabrous; plant of dry woods and copses 
in the southern part of the valley. .S. ulmifolia. 
Stems pubescent ; common plant of damp thickets 
and borders of woods and fields S. rugosa. 
h'. Leaves more or less plainly 3-ribbed, 2 of the lower veins 
becoming prominent and elongated, parallel with the 
midrib. 
TO. The lower leaves elongated and many times 
exceeding the reduced upper ones; plant 
very common in drj'^ open soil . .S. nemoralis. 
m'. Leaves thinner, essentially uniform from base 
to summit of the stem. 
n. Involucre 2 to 2.8 mm. long, making tiny 
heads, crowded in dense broad panicles. 
S. canadensis and var. Ilargeri. 
n'. Involucre 3.2 to 5 mm. long. 
Stem closely and minutely pubescent through- 
out; leaves short-hairy below. .S. altissima. 
Stem glabrous up to the inflorescence, leaves 
smooth below or slightly pubescent on the 
nerves S. serotina. 
a'. Heads in flat-topped corymbs. 
Heads large, leaves thick and broad; plant noted in only one locality in 
Sheffield S. rigida. 
Heads small, leaves long and narrow, plant common in moist soil, road- 
sides, etc S. graminifolia, var. Nuttallii. 
S. altissima L. — Moist roadside thickets and banks; frequent in 
the valley. 
S. arguta Ait. — Dry woods, clearings and roadside thickets; com- 
mon in the valley. 
S. bicolor L. — Dry ground; connnon. 
