64 
PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO 
[ Violated!. 
It has been deemed unnecessary to introduce the subdivisions of the genus Viola, as promul¬ 
gated by Gingins, Koch and other authors, into this work, since the whole Flora of Australia possesses, 
as far as ascertained, no other than the here enumerated species. 
Viola betonicifolia, Smith , in Feed Cycl. 7; J. Hook. FI. Tasman, i. 27; "V. phyteumifolia, Cand. 
in Don Gen. Syst . i. 322; V. longiscapa, Cand. 1. c. 
Stemless; root perennial, without stolons ; leaves ovate or oblong, with a hastate or cordate rarely 
attenuated base, repand-crenulate, rarely serrate ; stipules adnata to the petiole, scarious, seldom toothed; 
their lanceolate-subulate apex free; peduncles elongated; hracteoles linear-subulate, teetliless; sepals bluntly 
appendiculate ; petals violet; the four upper ones bearded; the lower one entire, with a short saccate spur; 
lower stamens with nearly subulate spurs ,* style clavate; stigma truncate; seeds brownish, about four times 
longer than the ovate fleshy strophiole; cotyledons orbicular. 
On grassy moist ridges and irrigated plains, sparingly scattered over the southern and eastern part of 
the Colony of Victoria, ascending from the lowlands to the Alps. This species occurs likewise in Tasmania, 
and rarely in South Australia, there for instance near Rivoli Bay and in the Bugle Ranges; it is not rare in 
East Australia and extends there northward as far as 25° S.L. 
A glabrous or sometimes hispidulous-downy herb. Root descendent, emitting rather stout fibrillse. 
Leaves all radical, more frequently blunt than acute, penninerved, j-3 inches long, J-l line broad, either 
tapering into the petiole or terminated more or less abruptly at the base. Stipules 2-6 lines long, rarely 
toothed at the apex, forming linear -wings to the base of the petiole, not free as described by Candolle. 
Petioles varying in length between 1 and 6 lines. Peduncles 1-8 lines long, near the middle or towards the 
base bibracteolate, angular. Bracteoles alternate or nearly opposite, 1-3 lines long. Sepals ovate- or narrow- 
lanceolate, acute, 2—3 lines long; their basal appendage about § hue long. Petals violet, whitish towards the 
base, dark-veined, 4-6 lines long; upper ones generally scantily bearded, obovate, tapering into a rather short 
ung-uis, generally about as long as the rest, occasionally shorter; lateral ones obovate-cuneate, conspicuously 
white-bearded; lower one glabrous or towards the centre veiy scantily puberulous, seemingly" never emarginate, 
obovate-spatliulate, with a blunt spur; the latter pale; its length 1J line or less. Stamens veiy minutely 
ciliolated. Anthers about 1 line long, yellowish-white; their terminal membranous appendage J-l line long, 
orange, often semi-ovate. Spur of the lower stamens J-l line long, penetrating into the saccate base of the 
corolla, divergent, curvate, terminated with a minute gland at the apex. Style 1 line long. Stigma concave, 
• angular. Capsule 4^5 lines long. Seeds several or many, ovate, frilly 1 line long, smooth. Strophiole 
pale-yellow. Testa crustaceous. Endopleura veiy tender membranous. Embryo as long as the albuminous 
part of the seed. Cotyledons flat, hardly longer, but much broader than the cylindrical radicle. 
In flower during the spring. 
Viola Caleyana, Don , Gen. Syst. of Dichlam. PI. i. 329; J. Hooli. FI, Tam, ii. 357. 
Root perennial; stem erect or decumbent; leaves cordate or cordate-renate, repand- or serrate-crenulate; 
stipides herbaceous , free, ovate- or narrow-lanceolate, remotely toothed; bracteoles subulate- or lanceolate- 
linear, teethless; sepals short-appendiculate; petals white, glabrous, or the lateral ones very" slightly" bearded; 
the lower one obcordate-cuneate, with a short saccate spur ; lower stamens with gibbous appendages ; style 
clavate ; stigma emarginate; seeds brown-black; strophiole less than half as long as the seed, nearly mem¬ 
branous ; cotyledons orbicular. 
On banks of rivulets subject to inundation, on springs and in wet forest-gullies of Gipps Land; for 
instance, on the Livingstone, Dargo, Wentworth, Broadribb and Snowy Rivers, nowhere common; thence at 
least as far as Hlawarra into New South V^ales; very rare in Tasmania. 
Root descendent, either somewhat cylindrical or divided into short branches, always emitting numerous 
rather tender fibres, sometimes producing short stolons. Stems from a few inches to upwards of 2 feet long, 
