ORTHOPTERA. 
105 
ceived the special name tegmina (teg'mi-na); they are furnished 
with a fine network of veins, and overlap at the tip at least. 
There are many species in which the wings are rudimentary, 
even in the adult state. Such adults resemble nymphs; but 
in the case of the jumping Orthoptera, where this peculiar- 
ity most often occurs, nymphs can be distinguished by the 
fact that the rudimentary hind wings are outside of the fore 
wings, instead of beneath them, as in the adult state. 
This order includes only six families. We are able, there¬ 
fore, to discuss all of them in this work. The following 
synopsis will aid the student in fixing in his mind the more 
important characteristics of each family. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES OF THE ORTHOPTERA. 
The Running Orthoptera.— The body is oval when seen from 
above, and is very flat; the three pairs of legs are similar in 
form ; the insects run rapidly, p. 106. Blattida:. 
The Grasping Orthoptera.— The prothorax is very long and 
slender; the first pair of legs are very different from the others. 
and are fitted for grasping, p. 106. .Mantidas. 
The Walking Orthoptera.— The body is very long and slender; 
the three pairs of legs are similar in form, and are also very 
long and slender; the insects walk slowly, p. 108.. .. Phasmida:. 
The Jumping Orthoptera.— The hind legs are very much stouter 
or very much longer, or both stouter and longer, than the 
middle pair, being fitted for jumping. This group includes three 
families: 
The Short-hor?ied Grasshoppers , or Locusts. —The antennae are 
shorter than the body. The ovipositor of the female is short and 
composed of four separate plates. The tarsi are three-jointed. 
p. ... 
The Long-horned Grasshoppers.— The antennae are very slender 
and longer than the body. (This is also true of the crickets.) 
The ovipositor is sword-shaped. The tarsi are four-jointed. 
p . .LOCUSTIDiE. 
The Crickets,— The antennae, like those of the long-horned grass¬ 
hoppers, are very slender and longer than the body, except in 
the mole-crickets. The ovipositor is spear-shaped when exerted. 
The tarsi are three-jointed, p. 115.GRYLLiDiE. 
