ORTHOPTERA. 
IOg 
the antennae, are shorter than the body, and in which the 
ovipositor of the female is short and made up of four sepa¬ 
rate plates (Fig. 119). The tarsi are three-jointed; and on 
Fig. 119. —Side view of Locust with wings removed. 
each side of the first segment of the abdomen there is a cir¬ 
cular plate which is believed to be an ear. 
It is to these insects that the term locust is properly ap¬ 
plied. For the locusts of which we read in the Bible, and in 
other books published in the older countries, are members 
of this family. Unfortunately in the United States the 
term locust has been applied to the Periodical Cicada, a 
member of the order Hemiptera, described later. And, 
what is more unfortunate, the scientific name Locustidae was 
given long ago to the next family and cannot now be 
changed. It should be remembered, therefore, that the 
locusts do not belong to the Locustidae. 
Locusts lay their eggs in oval masses and cover them 
with a tough substance. Some species lay their eggs in the 
ground. The female makes a hole in the ground with her 
ovipositor, which is a good digging-tool. Some species even 
make holes in fence-rails, logs, and stumps; then, after the 
eggs are laid, the hole is covered up with a plug of gummy 
materials. There is but one generation a year, and in most 
cases the winter is passed in the egg-state. This family is 
of great economic importance, as the members of it usually 
appear in great numbers in every region where plants grow, 
and often do much damage. 
The males of many locusts are able to produce sounds. 
This is done in two ways: First, certain species rub the 
inner surface of the hind femora, upon which there is a row 
of minute spines, against the outer surface of the wing-covers. 
