ORTHOP TER A. 
115 
IV. The Shield backed Grasshoppers. —These are also 
wingless, and dull-colored insects, which bear some resem¬ 
blance to crickets. They 
present, however, a 
queer appearance, due 
to the pronotum extend¬ 
ing backward over the 
rest of the thorax, like 
a sun-bonnet worn over Fig - Thyreonotus ,. 
the shoulders with the back side forward. This group is repre¬ 
sented in the Eastern half of the United States by Thyreo- 
notus (Thyr-e-o-no'tus) (Fig. 131). In the regions west of the 
Mississippi River occur the “ Western Crickets,” belonging 
to the genus Anabrus (An'a-brus), and on the Pacific coast 
Fig. 132 .—Ste nopelmntus. 
there are large, clumsy creatures with big heads, that live 
under stones and in loose soil, and are popularly known as 
Sand-crickets. These belong to the genus Stenopelmatus 
(Stcn-o-pel-ma'tus) (Fig. 132). 
Family Gryllid^: (Gryl'li-dae). 
The Crickets . 
The crickets differ from both families of grasshoppers in 
having the wing-covers flat above and bent sharply down at 
the edge of the body like a box-cover, instead of meeting in 
a ridge above the body like a roof. The antennae are long 
