CHAPTER XIV. 
Order Hemiptera (He-mip'te-ra). 
Bugs , Lice , Aphids , and others. 
The winged members of this order have four wings; in cne 
sub-order the first pair of wings are thickened at the base , with 
thinner extremities which overlap o?i the back; in another 
sub-order the first pair of wings are of the same thickness 
throughout , and usually slope at the sides of the body. The 
mouth-parts are formed for sucking. The metamorphosis is 
incomplete. 
The order Hemiptera includes many well-known pests: 
here belong the true bugs, the lice, the aphids, the scale 
insects, and many other forms injurious to plants. On the 
other hand, some of the species are ranked among beneficial 
insects on account of their predaceous habits; while still 
others, as the cochineal and lac insects, furnish us with 
useful products. 
The name Hemiptera is from two Greek words: hemi, 
half; and pteron , a wing. It was suggested by the form of 
the first pair of wings in the true bugs. Here the basal half 
of these organs is thickened somewhat like the wing-covers 
of beetles, only the terminal half being wing-like. The 
second pair of wings are membranous, and when at rest are 
folded beneath the first pair. 
The mouth-parts are formed for piercing and sucking. 
Without dissection, they usually appear as a slender jointed 
beak, arising at the base of a shorter, pointed upper lip. 
This beak consists of four bristles, enclosed in a fleshy, 
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