HEMIPTERA. 
153 
of the skin is made. The adult insects wander about on 
herbage and trees. They have the power of leaping well. 
The name frog-hoppers has doubtless grown out of the fact 
that formerly the froth was called “ frog-spittle,” and was 
supposed to have been voided by tree-frogs from their 
mouths. The name is not, however, inappropriate, for the 
broad and depressed form of our more common species is 
something like that of a frog. 
In this family the antennas are inserted in front of and 
between the eyes; the prothorax is not prolonged back of the 
abdomen (as in the Membracidae); and the tibiae 
are armed with one or two stout teeth, and the 
tip crowned with short, stout spines, as shown in 
Figure 187. This figure represents the most com- r g ^ ^ 
mon spittle insect of the Eastern United States, rophora quad- 
r r • / a 1 1 / 1 rangularis. 
Aphrophora quaarangulans (A-phroph o-ra quad- 
ran-gu-la'ris), and one of its tibiae greatly enlarged. 
Family JASSID./E (Jas'si-dae). 
The Leaf-hoppers. 
The most abundant members of the Homoptera, except 
perhaps the Aphids, are the leaf-hoppers. Large numbers 
of them can be easily collected by sweeping grass, herbage, 
or the foliage of shrubs. 
The leaf-hoppers are more slender than the spittle insects, 
and are also distinguished by the form of the 
hind tibiae, which are nearly or quite as long as 
the abdomen, curved, and armed with a row of 
spines on each margin (Fig. 188). 
Fig. 188.— proco- Among the leaf-hoppers that have attracted 
ma undata. a ^ ent j on on account of their injuries to vegeta¬ 
tion are the following: The destructive Leaf-hopper, Cicadula 
exitiosa (Ci-cad'u-la ex-it-i-o'sa), which is represented greatly 
enlarged by Figure 189, sometimes infests winter wheat 
to a serious extent in the Southern States. The Grape- 
