170 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
scientific name is coming into general use; it is a common 
thing now to hear fruit-growers speak of the Lecaniums, 
especially in California. The Lecaniums are naked scale 
insects, the scale being the body of the insect. These 
insects are flattish or more or less hemispherical, the differ¬ 
ent species differing in form, and are usually dark brown in 
color. The eggs, or the young in the viviparous species, are 
deposited beneath the scale-like body of the female. Figure 
209 represents Lecanium olece (o'le-ae), which is very com. 
mon in California, where it is known as the black scale; 
Figure 210, the soft scale, Lecanium hesperidum (hes-per'i- 
dum), which is common on various plants in all parts of 
