LEPIDOPTERA . 
205 
C. The Microfrenaive. —Frenulum-bearing moths, which are 
usually of small, often minute, size. The anal area of the hind 
wings is not reduced, having usually three anal veins except in 
certain minute forms where a broad fringe has been substituted 
for the membrane of this area. 
The Pyralids, p. 228 .Superfamily Pyralidina. 
The Tortricids, p. 239 .Superfamily Tortricina. 
The Tineids, p. 246.Superfamily Tineina. 
The Clear-winged Moths, p. 259.Family Sesiid^e. 
CC. The Specialized Macrofrenat^e.— Specialized Frenatae 
which are usually of medium or large size. This division 
includes certain moths and all skippers and butterflies. In 
these insects the anal area of the hind wing is reduced, con¬ 
taining only one or two anal veins. 
D. The Frenuium-conscrvers. —Specialized ' Macrofrenatae in 
which the two wings of each side are united by a frenulum. 
This group includes only moths. 
E. Moths that appear to have a three-branched cubitus, only 
vein V a being closely connected with vein VII. Vein V 9 
either retains its primitive position midway between veins 
III and VII or arises from the discal vein nearer to vein 
III than to vein VII.* 
The Dioptids, p. 262.Family DiOPTiDiE. 
The Prominents, p. 263. Family Notodontidze. 
The Measuring-worm Moths, p. 270. 
Superfamily Geometrina. 
EE. Moths that appear to have a four-branched cubitus, the 
base of vein V 2 of one or both pairs of wings being more 
closely connected with vein VII than with vein III. 
F. Moths in which the humeral angle of the hind wings 
is greatly extended, but which as a rule possess the 
frenulum in one sex at least. 
The Auzatids, p. 288.Family AuzatiDjE. 
The Hook tip Moths, p. 289. Family DrepanidjE. 
FF. Moths in which the humeral angle of the hind wings 
is not greatly extended. 
G. The Noetuids and their Allies. —Moths in which some 
of the branches of vein III of the fore wings coalesce 
* In many Hawk-moths vein V 3 nearly or quite retains its primitive 
position ; but when it has moved from this position, it is nearer to vein VII 
than to vein III. This family is placed, therefore, in the next division (EE) 
of this synopsis. 
