230 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
beyond the discal cell, and which do not have what 
appears to be a cross vein between veins II and III of 
the hind wings. 
The Cymatophorids, p. 291. Family Cymatophorid;e. 
The Owlet-moths, p. 293.Family NoCTUlDiE. 
The Tussock-moths, p. 308... .Family LymantriidjE. 
The Wood-nymph Moths, p. 313.Family Agaristid;e. 
The Pcricopids, p. 316.Family Pericopid^e. 
The Tiger-moths, p. 317.Family Arctiid/E. 
The Footman-moths, p. 324.Family LithosiidjE. 
The Zygaenids, p.* 326.Family ZyG/ENIDJE. 
GG. The Window-winged Moths. —Moths in which vein 
III of the fore wings is five-branched and in which all of 
these branches arise from the discal cell (Fig. 404), p. 
3 2 8.-.Family Thyridid^e. 
GGG. The Hawk-moths. —Moths in which there appears 
to be a cross vein between veins II and III of the hind 
wings (Fig. 407), p. 330.Family Sphingidje. 
DD. The Frenulum-losers. —Specialized Macrofrenatae, in which 
the frenulum has been supplanted by a greatly extended 
humeral area of the hind wings. In some of the more gen¬ 
eralized forms a rudimentary frenulum persists (Bombycidse 
and Lacosomidas). This division includes three groups of 
families: the Frenulum-losing Moths, the Skippers, and the 
Butterflies. The grouping together of the families included 
in this division is merely provisional, as it is probable that 
the loss of the frenulum has arisen independently in several 
of them. 
E. The Frenulum-losing Moths. —In these moths the antennae 
are usually pectinate; they are never enlarged into a club 
at the tip. 
F. Moths with cubitus of the fore wings apparently three- 
branched. 
G. Moths in which veins Ills and III« coalesce to a great 
extent. The Saturnians. p. 339. 
Superfamily Saturniina. 
GG. Moths in which veins Ills and 111 4 do not coalesce 
beyond the discal cell. p. 357..Family LACOSOMiDiE 
FF. Moths in which cubitus of the fore wings is apparently 
four-branched, p. 359.Family Lasiocampidas. 
SE. The Skippers. —These are day-flying Lepidoptera which 
resemble butterflies in usually holding their wings erect 
