240 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
The rolled leaves serve the Tortricid larvae not merely 
as homes but also as food, for they feed upon the enclosed 
portions. Sometimes several leaves are used by a larva, 
but more often only one, or in many cases merely a tip or 
one edge of a leaf is used. Some species cut a slit in a leaf 
and roll only one part of it. They also differ greatly as to 
the extent to which the leaves are rolled. Some species are 
gregarious, an entire brood making a common nest. During 
the latter part of the summer and in the autumn these 
rolled leaves can be found on almost any tree or shrub. 
In nearly all cases entomologists in naming Tortricids 
have formed the specific name with the ending -ana; so 
that the form of the name indicates the family to which the 
insect belongs. 
More than four hundred North American species of 
Tortricids are known. The superfamily includes three fam¬ 
ilies, which can be separated by the following table:— 
A. With a fringe of long hairs on the basal part of vein VII of the 
hind wings, on the upper side of the wing. Do not mistake a 
bunch of long hairs arising from the wing back of vein VII for 
this fringe, p. 240. Grapholithidje. 
A A. Without a fringe of long hairs on the basal part of vein VII of 
the hind wings. 
B. Vein VII 3 of the fore wings arising from the outer fourth of the 
discal cell, p. 243. Conch yliDjE. 
BB. Vein Vila of the fore wings arising from a point before the 
outer third of the discal cell, p. 244.TortriciDjE. 
Family GRAPHOLITHlDiE (Graph-o-lith'i-dae). 
The Grapholithids ( Gra-pholi-thids). 
These moths are easily distinguished from other Tortri¬ 
cids by the presence of a fringe of long hairs on the basal 
part of cubitus of the hind wing. To this family belong 
nearly two thirds of our species of Tortricids. The follow 
ing are some of our more common species :— 
