254 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
mine. When these mines are abundant in a leaf it turns 
yellow and dies. When the larva has made a mine from 
one-half to three-fourths of an inch long, which it does in 
from four to five days, it eats its way out through the upper 
surface. Then somewhere on the upper 
surface of the leaf it weaves a circular silken 
covering about one-twelfth inch in diam¬ 
eter. Stretched out on this network the 
larva, which is now about one-tenth inch long, 
makes a small hole in it near its edge, then, 
as one would turn a somersault, it puts its 
head into this hole and disappears beneath 
the silken covering, where it undergoes a 
change of skin. It remains in the molting 
cocoon usually less than twenty-four hours. 
After leaving this cocoon it feeds upon the 
leaves without making a mine; and in a few 
days makes a second molting cocoon which 
differs from the first only in being about one- 
_ _ eighth inch in diameter. After leaving this it 
if 0 fitii C a latrixpom ~ a ? ain f ee ds for a few days, and then mi¬ 
grates to a twig where it makes the long 
ribbed cocoon within which the pupa state is passed. This 
very interesting life-history was first worked out by Mr. A. E. 
Brunn while a student in the writer’s laboratory at Cornell 
University. 
When it is necessary to combat this pest the smaller 
twigs bearing cocoons should be pruned as far as practicable 
during the winter and burned, and those cocoons that 
remain on the larger branches should be washed with strong 
kerosene emulsion. 
The Resplendent Shield-bearer, Aspidisca splendoriferella 
(As-pi-dis'ca splen-do-rif-e-rel'la).—This Tineid is both a 
miner and a case-bearer. It feeds within apple-leaves, and at 
first makes a linear mine; but later this is enlarged into a 
blotch mine. When full grown the larva makes an oval case 
