-^;6 the study of insects . 
no prolegs on the fifth abdominal segment. The pupa state 
is passed below the surface of the ground in a simple earthen 
cell, which is lined with very few silken threads. The adult 
moths usually emerge early in the spring before the leaves 
expand; but they sometimes appear late in the fall, or on 
warm days during the winter when the ground is thawed. 
In both sexes the adult of this species is distinguished by 
the presence of two transverse rows of stiff reddish spines, 
pointing backwards, on each of the first seven abdominal seg¬ 
ments. In the male the venation of the wings very closely 
resembles that of Bi'ephos (Fig. 324); veins II and III of the 
hind wings although closely approximate do not coalesce, 
and veins III and V, coalesce for a considerable distance be¬ 
yond the apex of the discal cell. 
The Fall Canker-worm, Alsophila pometana (Al-soph'i-la 
pom-e-ta'ri-a).—The eggs appear as if cut off at the top, and 
have a central puncture and a brown circle near the border 
of the disk. They are laid side by side in regular rows and 
compact batches, and are generally exposed. They hatch 
in the spring at the time the leaves appear; and the larvae 
mature in about three weeks. The larva is of a pale brown¬ 
ish color marked with dark brown and yellow; the body is 
marked on the back with six broad and very distinct pale 
lines, those of each side equidistant; and there is a pair of 
distinct prolegs on the fifth abdominal segment. As in the 
preceding species the pupa state is passed beneath the 
ground, but this species makes a perfect cocoon of fine 
densely spun silk. The adult moth 
usually emerges in the fall, generally 
beginning about the middle or latter 
part of October; although a con¬ 
siderable number come out of the 
earth in the winter during warm 
weather and in the spring. The 
moths of both sexes lack the ab¬ 
dominal spines characteristic of the Spring Canker-worm. 
