LEPIDOPTERA . 
369 
fastened together. The pupae are rounded, not angular, 
resembling those of moths more than those of butterflies. 
The pupa state is passed in a slight cocoon, which is gen¬ 
erally composed of leaves fastened together with silk, and 
thinly lined with the same substance. 
The family Hesperiidae includes three subfamilies; but 
only two of them are represented in this country, the third 
being confined to South and Central America. Our forms 
can be separated as follows:— 
A. Vein V a of the fore wings arising nearer to vein Vi than to vein 
V*. p. 369.HESPERIIIiiE. 
AA. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising midway between veins Vi and 
V 3 or nearer to vein V 3 than to vein Vi. 
B. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising nearly midway between veins 
V, and V s . 
C. Discal cell of fore wings more than two thirds as long as the 
costa. Males usually with costal fold in fore wings, p. 369. 
Hesperiin^e. 
CC. Discal cell of fore wings less than two thirds as long as the 
costa. Males usually with a discal patch on fore wings, 
p. 372.Pamphilusue. 
BB. Vein V 2 of the fore wings arising much nearer to vein V 3 than 
to vein Vj. p. 372. PamphiliNjE. 
Subfamily HESPERIIN^E (Hes-pe-ri-i'nae). 
Skippers with a Costal Fold . 
This subfamily includes the larger of the Common 
Skippers, as well as some that are of moderate size. Most 
of the species are dark brown, marked with white or trans¬ 
lucent, angular spots. The antennae usually have a long 
club, which is bent at a considerable dis¬ 
tance from the tip (Fig. 45 0 * ® Llt ^ ie 
most distinctive feature of the sub¬ 
family is exhibited by the males alone, 
and is lacking in some species. It 
consists of a fold in the fore wing near Fig. 45 i.— Thanaos martiaiis. 
the costal margin, which forms a long slit-like pocket, con- 
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