L EPID OP TE RA . 
375 
legs of the male are a little shorter, and the tarsi of these lack 
one or both claws; radius of the fore wings, with rare exceptions, 
only three- or four-branched. To determine the number of 
branches of radius, count the two cubital and the three medial 
branches first; the branches left between veins Vi and II belong 
to radius. 
C. Vein V, of the fore wings arising at or near the apex of the 
discalcell (Fig. 465) except in Fcttiseca tarquinius , in which the 
wings are dark brown, with a large fulvous spot on each. p. 
388. LYCiENIDiE. 
CC. The first branch of media of the fore wings united with 
the last branch of radius for a considerable distance beyond 
the apex of the discal cell (Fig. 460). Ground color of wings 
white, yellow, or orange, p. 381.PiERiDiE. 
BB. With only four well-developed legs, the fore legs being un¬ 
used, much shorter than the others, and folded on the breast like 
a tippet (except in the female of Hypatus). Radius of fore wings 
five-branched (Fig. 467), p. 395. Nymphalid^e. 
Family PAPILIONID^E (Pa-pil-i-on'i-dae). 
The Swallow-tails and the Parnassians. 
This family includes the swallow-tail butterflies, which 
are common throughout our country, and the Parnassians, 
which are found only on high mountains or far north. These 
insects are distinguished from all other butterflies by the 
fact that vein V, of the fore wings appears to be a branch 
of cubitus, making this vein appear four-branched (Fig. 456), 
and also by the fact that the anal area of the hind wings is 
more reduced than the anal area of the fore wings, the 
former containing only a single anal vein, the latter two or 
three. 
The caterpillars are never furnished with spines, but are 
either naked or clothed with a few fine hairs. In a single 
species in our fauna (Laertias philenor) the body of the 
larva bears fleshy filaments. 
A striking peculiarity of the larvae of this family is the 
presence of a pair of bright-colored fleshy “ horns,” which 
can be projected from a slit in the dorsal wall of the pro- 
