380 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
(tel-a-mon'i-des).—This form is a little larger than marcellus 
and has tails nearly one third longer ; these tails are bordered 
with white on each side of the distal half or two thirds of 
their length. 
(3) The Summer Form, Iphiclides ajax ajax .—The sum¬ 
mer form is still larger, expanding from three and two tenths 
inches to three and one half inches, and has tails nearly two 
thirds longer than the early-spring form. 
The life-history of this species has been carefully worked 
out by Mr. W. H. Edwards. He has shown that there are 
several generations each year, and that the winter is passed 
in the chrysalis state. But the early-spring form and the 
late-spring form are not successive broods; these are both 
composed of individuals that have wintered as chrysalids, 
those that emerge early developing into marcellus, and those 
that emerge later developing into telamonides. All of the 
butterflies produced from eggs of the same season, and there 
are several successive broods, are of the summer form, ajax 
ajax. 
The larva feeds upon papaw ( Asimina ). This insect is 
found throughout the eastern half of the United States 
except in the extreme north. 
Subfamily PARNASSIIN^E (Par-nas-si-i'nse) 
The Parnassians {Par-nas f si-ans). 
The Parnassians differ from the Swallow-tails in lacking 
the tail-like prolongations of the hind wings and in that the 
ground-color of the wings is white; but resemble them in 
the general plan of the venation of the wings, and in pos¬ 
sessing similar scent-organs (osmateria) in the larval state. 
The wings of the butterflies are usually conspicuously marked 
with black spots and shades, and with red spots. Only four 
species have been found in North America. These belong 
to the genus Parnassius (Par-nas'si-us). They are found only 
on high mountains or far north. 
