382 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
Our genera of this family can be separated into three 
groups, which seem hardly distinct enough to be ranked as 
Fig. 461.— Pieris rapes , larvae and pupa. 
subfamilies. These are the Whites, the Yellows, and the 
Orange-tips. 
I. The Whites .—The more common representatives of 
this group are the well-known Cabbage-butterflies. They 
are white butterflies more or less marked with black. Occa¬ 
sionally the white is tinged with yellow; and sometimes yel¬ 
low varieties of our white 
species occur. About a 
dozen North American 
species of this group are 
known. 
The Cabbage-butterfly, 
Pieris rapes (Pi'e-ris ra'pae). 
—The wings of this butter 
fly are dull white above, 
occasionally tinged with 
yellowish, especially in the 
female; below, the apex of the fore wings and the entire 
Fig. 462.— Pieris rapes. 
