39° 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
of genera, which have been distinguished as the Coppers, 
the Blues, and the Hair-streaks. 
I. The Coppers. — The Coppers are easily distinguished 
from other gossamer-winged butterflies by their orange-red 
and brown colors, each with a coppery tinge, and conspicu¬ 
ous black markings. They are the stoutest of the Lycaenidae. 
About twenty species are known to occur in this country; 
the three following will serve as illustrations: — 
The American Copper, Heodes hypophlaas (He-o'des 
hyp-o-phlae'as).—This is the most common of our coppers 
in the Northeastern States and in Canada. Its range ex¬ 
tends also along the boundary between the United States 
and Canada to the Pacific Ocean, and southward into Cali¬ 
fornia; and in the east along the Alleghany Mountains 
south to Georgia. It is represented on Plate I (Fig. 5 )* 
The fore wings are orange-red above, spotted with black, 
and with a blackish brown outer border ; the hind wings are 
coppery brown, with a broad orange-red band on the outer 
margin ; this band is indented by four black spots. 
The larva feeds on the common sorrel ( Runiex acetoselld). 
The Bronze Copper, Chrysophanus thoe (Chrys-o-pha'nus 
tho'e).—This is larger than the preceding species, the wings 
expanding one and one half inches or more. In the male 
the wings are coppery brown above, spotted with black, and 
with a broad orange-red band on the outer margin of the 
hind wings. The female differs in having the fore wings 
orange-red above, with prominent black spots. 
This species occurs in the Middle and Western States 
from the Connecticut Valley to Nebraska. The larva feeds 
on curled dock ( Rumex crispus'). 
The Wanderer, Feniseca tarquinius (Fe-nis'e-ca tar-quin'i- 
us ).—This butterfly can be readily distinguished from all 
other Lycrenids in our fauna by the fact that vein V, of 
the fore wings coalesces with radius for a considerable dis¬ 
tance beyond the apex of the discal cell. The upper surface 
of the wings is dark brown, with a large, irregular, orange- 
