39 6 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
This is the largest of the families of butterflies. It not 
only surpasses the other families in number of species, but 
it contains a greater number and variety of striking forms, 
and also a larger proportion of the species of butterflies 
familiar to every observer of insects. There may be in any 
locality one or two species of yellows or of whites more 
abundant, but the larger number of species commonly ob¬ 
served are four-footed butterflies. 
Five subfamilies of the Nymphalidae are represented in 
our fauna. These can be separated by the following table, 
which is based on one given by Mr. Scudder :— 
A. With none of the veins of the fore wings unusually swollen at the 
base. 
B. Antennae clothed with scales, at least above. 
C. Fore wings at least twice as long as broad, p. 397. 
Heliconin^e. 
CC. Fore wings less than twice as long as broad. 
D. Palpi much longer than the thorax, p. 396.. LibytheiNjE. 
DD. Palpi not as long as the thorax, p. 398.. .Nymphalin^e. 
BB. Antennae naked, p.397. Euplcein^e. 
AA. With some of the veins of the fore wings greatly swollen at the 
base, p.410. Satyrin^e. 
Subfamily LlBYTHElNAE (Li-byth-e-i'nae). 
The Long-beaks. 
The Long-beaks can be easily recognized by their ex¬ 
cessively long, beak-like palpi, which are from one fourth 
to one half as long as the body 
and project straight forward 
(Fig. 468). The outer margin 
of the fore wings is deeply 
notched; the males have only 
four well-developed legs, while 
Fig. 468.— Hypatus bachmanni. tile females have six. 
Only three species have been found in America north of 
Mexico; and of these but one occurs in the Eastern United 
States. 
