402 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
in Figure 474. The lower surface of the wings is repre¬ 
sented on Plate I, Fig. 7. A characteristic feature is the 
presence of two submarginal eye-like spots on the hind 
wing. 
The larva feeds on everlasting ( Gnaphaliuni ) and allied 
plants. The species occurs in Ontario and nearly the whole 
of the United States. 
Fig. 474. —Vanessa hunt era. 
The Cosmopolitan Butterfly, Vanessa cardui (V. car'dU-i). 
—The butterfly resembles the preceding very closely in 
color and markings. There is, however, a smaller propor¬ 
tion of orange markings; and on the lower surface of the 
hind wings there is a submarginal row of four or five eye¬ 
like spots. 
The larva feeds upon Composite, especially thistles. 
This species is very remarkable for its wide distribution. 
Mr. Scudder states that “with the exception of the arctic 
regions and South Ameri¬ 
ca it is distributed over 
the entire extent of every 
continent.” 
The American Tor¬ 
toise-shell, Aglais milberti 
(Ag'la-is mil-ber'ti).—The 
wings above are brownish 
black, with abroad orange- 
fulvous band between the middle and the outer margin. 
Fig. 475 . — Aglais milberti. 
