DIPT ERA. 
417 
The True Nematocera . The antennae usually long and frequently 
bearing whorls of long hairs, especially in the males ; legs long 
and slender; abdomen usually long and slender. 
The Moth-like Flies , Family Psychodiix/e. p. 428. 
The Midge-like Flies. 
The Crane-flies, Family TipuliDjE. p. 429. 
The Net-winged Midges, Family BlepharoceridjE, p. 432. 
The Dixa-midges, Family DixiDiE. p. 436. 
The Mosquitoes, Family Culicidas. p. 437. 
The Midges, Family ChironomiDjE. p. 440. 
The Fungus-gnats, Family MycetophiliD/E. p. 442. 
The Gall-gnats, Family CeCidomyiid^e. p. 444. 
The Anomalous Nematocera . The antennae are composed of 
many segments, but are shorter than the thorax, and without 
whorls of long hairs. The segments of the antennae are short 
and broad and closely pressed together. Except in the first 
family, the abdomen is comparatively stout, and the legs are 
shorter and stouter than in the True Nematocera. 
The False Crane-flies, Family RhyphidjE. p. 448. 
The Solitary-midge, Family OrphnephilidjE. p. 449. 
The March-flies, Family Bibionid-E. p. 449. 
The Black-flies, Family SiMULIlDiE. p. 451. 
The Short - horned Orthorrhapha or Brachycera (Bra-chyc'e-ra). 
Orthorrhapha with one- or two-jointed, porrect palpi, and with 
usually short, three-jointed antennae. The third segment of the 
antenna is sometimes distinctly ringed, showing that it is really 
composed of many segments grown together; and sometimes 
the antennae are four- or five-jointed. 
The Anomalous Brachycera . The third segment of the antenna is 
ringed, showing that it is composed of several segments grown 
together. The body is not furnished with strong bristles. 
The Horse-flies, Family TabaniDjE. p. 453. 
occur in those families grouped below as the Anomalous Brachycera (see 
Figs. 489, 490, and 492). The Nematocera and Brachycera are more 
sharply distinguished by the form of the palpi, as indicated in this Synopsis ; 
but sometimes it is difficult to see the palpi. A more easily seen distinction 
is presented by the venation of the wings. In the Anomalous Brachycera 
cell V a is divided by a cross-vein and cell VIII is closed before the margin of 
the wing or is greatly narrowed at the margin of the wing (see Figs. 539, 
545, and 551). In the Nematocera cell VIII is never closed, and cell V a is 
divided only in the Tipulidae and Rhyphidae, and in these families the 
antennae are distinctly composed of many segments. 
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