418 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
The Soldier-flies, Family Stratiomyiid/E. p. 455. 
The Snipe-flies (in part). Family Leptid.e. p. 456. 
The True Brachycera . The antennae are usually three-jointed, 
but sometimes four- or five-jointed; the third segment is not 
ringed, but usually bears a style or bristle.* The body is 
usually furnished with strong bristles. 
True Brachycera with the empodiapulvilliform . Flies in which 
there are three membranous lobes beneath the tarsal claws 
(Fig. 495 ).t 
The Snipe-flies (in part), Family Leptid^e. p. 456. 
The Small-headed Flies, Family AcroceridjE. p. 458. 
The Tangle-veined Flies, Family Nemistrinid/E, p. 459. 
True Brachycera with the empodia not pulvilliform. Flies in 
which there are only two membranous pads beneath the 
tarsal claws (Fig. 494). 
Vein III of the wings four-branched. 
The Robber-flies, Family Asilid^e. p. 460. 
The Midas-flies, Family Midaid^e. p. 461. 
The Apiocerids, Family Apiocerid/E. p. 462. 
The Bee-flies, Family BoMBYLiDiE. p. 463. 
The Stiletto-flics, Family Therevid^e. p. 464. 
The Window-flies, Family ScenopiniD/E. p. 465. 
The Dance-flies (in part), Family Empidid^e. p. 466. 
Vein III of the wings three-branched . 
The Dance-flies (in part), Family Empidid.e. p. 466. 
The Long-legged Flies, Family Dolichopodid.e. p. 467. 
The Spear-winged Flies, Family LoNCHOPTERiDiE. p. 469. 
The Circular-Seamed Flies. — Flies in which the pupa escapes 
from the larval skin through a circular orifice made by push¬ 
ing off the head end of it (Fig. 486). Adults with a 
frontal lunule. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (Cy-clor'rha- 
pha). 
Cyclorrhapha without a frontal suture (Aschiza). 
The Syrphus-flies, Family Syrphid^e. p. 470. 
The Big-eyed Flies, Family Pipunculida:. p. 473. 
The Flat-footed Flies, Family PLATYPEZiDiE. p. 474. 
The Humpbacked flies, Family Phorid^E. p. 475. 
* A similar type of antenna is possessed by the Cyclorrhapha, which 
were formerly on this account included in the Brachycera ; but this term is 
now restricted to the Short-horned Orthorrhapha. 
f The empodia are pulvilliform in the Anomalous Brachycera also; but 
that group is easily distinguished by the form of the antennae. 
Fig. 486. 
