448 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 
them. The transformations are undergone within the lump 
of resin. After the gnats emerge the empty pupa-skins pro¬ 
ject from the lump of resin as shown at the right in Figure 
526. In this figure the gnat, a single wing, and a part of 
the antenna of each sex are represented, all greatly enlarged. 
Family RHYPHlDiE (Rhyph'i-dae). 
The False Crane-flies . 
The false crane-flies are so called because they resemble 
the Tipulidae somewhat in the venation of the wings, the 
three branches of vein V being preserved, and cell V a being 
divided by a cross-vein (Fig. 527). They lack, 
however, the V-shaped suture on the thorax 
that is characteristic of crane-flies; and differ, 
also, in having ocelli, and in the structure of the 
antennae (Fig. 5 2 8). The wings are wider than 
is usual with crane-flies, and the branches of 
Fig. 528. vein III separate nearer the base of the wing 
than in that family. 
The adults are mosquito-like insects with spotted wings, 
which often enter houses, where they are found on windows. 
We have also observed them in considerable numbers just 
at nightfall, feeding on sugar which had been placed on 
