COLEOPTERA . 
573 
Borer, Saperda Candida (Sa-per'da can'di-da).—Excepting the 
Codlin-moth, which infests the fruit, this is the worst enemy 
of the apple that we have. Its common name is used to dis¬ 
tinguish it from the Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, already 
described, the larva of this species being nearly cylindrical 
in form (Fig. 690). The eggs are laid on the bark at the 
base of the tree late in June or July. The larva at first 
bores in the soft sap-wood, making a disk-shaped mine ; after 
this it works in an upward direction in the harder wood, and 
at the close of its larval existence comes to the surface 
several inches above the place it entered. It requires 
nearly three years for this larva to attain its growth; it 
changes to a pupa, near the upper end of its burrow, about 
the middle of May, and emerges as a beetle in June. The 
beetle (Fig. 697) is of a pale-brown color above, with two 
Fig. 698. 
Fig. 699. 
Fig. 697. 
broad, white stripes extending the whole length of the body. 
Although the larva is found chiefly in apple, it infests many 
other trees. 
The Two-spotted Oberea, Oberea bimaculata (O-ber'e-a bi- 
mac-u-la'ta), is sometimes a serious pest, boring in the canes 
of blackberry and raspberry. The larva resembles that of 
the preceding species. The adult (Fig. 698) is about one 
half inch in length and of a deep-black color, except the 
prothorax, which is yellow. There are usually two or three 
black spots on the pronotum, but frequently these are 
wanting. 
