Goo 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
wing. These hooks fasten to a fold in the hind margin of 
the front wing, so that the two wings present a continuous 
surface. (Fig. 730). 
Fig. 730.—Wings of the honey-bee. 
With other insects the mouth-parts, if well developed, 
are formed either for biting or for sucking, 
but in this order they are adapted to serve 
both purposes (Fig. 731). The mandibles 
are fitted for biting, and they are sometimes 
very powerful. The maxillae, in the typical 
members of the order, are long, membranous 
or leathery, and form a sheath to the labium, 
the three organs thus constituting an appara¬ 
tus for sucking or lapping liquid food. The 
maxillary and the labial palpi are present. 
The larvae of Hymenoptera are usually 
' 1 J antenna; c, clypeus? 
footless, maggot-like creatures, incapable of labrum; w. man- 
00 7 r diblcs^ w.r, maxilla; 
any extended motion, and entirely depend- ^ 5 -^ al P al P us - A 
ent on the provision made for them by the 
adult insects. But in the two lower families the larvae are 
furnished with legs, and frequently have a striking resem 
blance to caterpillars, both in form and in habits. When the 
larvae are full grown they transform to inactive pupae, which 
