602 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
The Thread-waisted Wasps, Family Sphecide. p. 650. 
The Ampulicids, Family Ampulicide. p. 647. 
The Larrids, Family Larride. p. 652. 
The Bembecids, Family Bembecide. p. 652. 
The Nyssonids, Family Nyssonide. p. 654. 
The Philanthids, Family Philanthide. p. 654. 
The Mimesids, Family Mimeside. p. 655. 
The Mellinids, Family Mellinide. p. 647. 
The Pemphredonids, Family Pemphredonide. p.655. 
The Crabronids, Family Crabronide. p. 656. 
The True Wasps, Superfamily Vespina. p. 657. 
The Guest Wasps, Family Masaride. p. 657. 
The Solitary Wasps, Family Eumenide. p. 658. 
The Social Wasps, Family Vespide. p. 660. 
The Bees, Superfamily A pin A. p. 664. 
The Short-tongued Bees, Family Andrenide. p. 665. 
The Long-tongued Bees, Family Apide. p. 666. 
Classification of the Hymenoptera. 
(For Advanced Students.) 
Nearly all of the technical terms used in the descriptions of 
Hymenoptera in this work have been defined already. For a general 
account of the external parts of these insects see pp. 56-66; for a 
more detailed description of the external anatomy of an insect, see 
the discussion of the external anatomy of beetles, pp. 499. 
After a student has learned to recognize the sclerites in the body 
wall of a beetle, he will have but little trouble in determining the 
parts of a hymenopterous insect. The following points, however, 
should be carefully noted : — 
The Propodeum .—A remarkable peculiarity of Hymenoptera is 
that the first abdominal segment is united with the thorax in such a 
way as to appear to be a part of it; and what appears to be the first 
abdominal segment, and is always called so, is really the sec¬ 
ond. The true first abdominal segment is called the propodeum 
(pro-po'-de-um). 
The Tegulce .—There is on each side of the second thoracic seg¬ 
ment a cup-like scale over the base of the fore-wing (Fig. 732, 5); 
this is the parapteron (see p. 502). The paraptera of the meso- 
thorax of Hymenoptera are termed the tegulce (teg'u-las); they cor¬ 
respond to the patagia of Lepidoptcra and to the elytra of 
Coleoptera. 
