6 o8 
THE STUDY OF INSECTS . 
E. Borders of the mesoscutum intervening between the pro- 
notum and the tegulae (Fig. 738); ovipositor issuing be¬ 
fore the apex of the abdomen, p. 628. CHALCJDiDiE. 
EE. Pronotum extending to the tegulae (Fig. 739); oviposi¬ 
tor issuing from the apex of the abdomen, p. 630. 
PROCTOTRUPIDiE. 
DD. Fore wings with several closed cells, or at least with a 
closed or nearly closed marginal or submarginal cell.* 
E. Fore wings without a stigma, p. 615. Cynipid.e. 
EE. Fore wings with a stigma. 
F. Fore wing with the vein between cells Vi and 1st V 3 
wanting (Fig. 740). 
G. Veins I —111 of the fore wing consolidated from the 
base of the wing to the stigma, p. 625.. Braconide. 
GG. Base of fore wing with a cell between veins I and 
III. p. 624. Stephanide. 
FF. Fore wing with cells V» and 1st V 3 separate (Fig. 741). 
G. Veins I- 1 II of fore wing consolidated from the base 
of the wing to the stigma, p. 621. ..Ichneumonide. 
GG. Base of fore wing with a cell between veins I and 
III. p. 621. Trigonalide. 
AA. Trochanters of the posterior legs, consisting each of a single 
segment (Fig. 737, a) ; caudal end of body in female usually fur¬ 
nished with a sting. (Suborder Aculeata.) 
B. Fore wing with no closed submarginal cells. 
C. Abdomen long; antennas long, not elbowed, threadlike; body 
smooth and polished, black, p. 631. Pelecinide. 
CC. Abdomen but little longer than the head and thorax; an¬ 
tennae short, elbowed ; body adorned with metallic colors, and 
often coarsely and deeply sculptured. 632. Chrysidide. 
BB. Fore wing with at least one closed submarginal cell. 
C. First abdominal segment, and sometimes the second also, 
forming a lens-shaped scale or knot (Fig. 742); base of front 
wing not protected by a tegula. p. 633. Formicina. 
CC. Basal part of abdomen without a knot. 
D. First segment of posterior tarsi cylindrical and naked, or 
with but little hair; hairs clothing thorax simple. 
E. Wings not plated when at rest. p. 644. Sphecina. 
* Very rarely the wings are without closed cells in some Evaniidai and 
Braconidae. 
