BOB-WHITES AND QUAILS: SCALED QUAIL 215 
wholly due to the destruction of ground cover—weeds and grasses 
(Ligon, 1927). 
Additional Literature.—Forbush, E. H., Educational Leaflet 47, Nat. 
Assoc. Audubon Soc. 
ARIZONA SCALED QUAIL: Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster 
Plate 18 
Description. — Length: About 9.5-12 inches, wing 4.5-5, tail about 4.1-4.5, 
tarsus about 1.3. Adults: Pale bluish gray and dull brownish, short crest tipped with 
white; foreparts of body appearing scaled; belly with buffy patch, sides streaked with 
white. Young: Crest brownish, feathers with white shaft streaks; uppcrparts 
marked with rufous, black, and white; underparts washed with rufous, and more or 
less barred with blackish brown. Young of the year indistinguishable from adults. 
Range. —Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones from southern Colorado, Kansas 
(three specimens), and Panhandle of Texas south to Arizona and Valley of Mexico. 
State Records. —"The Scaled Quail is distributed practically all over the State 
in treeless areas up to 6,500 feet elevation and even higher in the south’’ (Ligon, 
1927, p. 134); it is most abundant in the eastern ono-third and in the southern part 
of the State. Its abundant range includes the river valleys below 5,000 feet, mainly 
in Lower Sonoran Zone. It ranges up the valley of the Gila to Cliff and Cactus Flat, 
and up the San Francisco to Alma. Thence it ranges east to Silver, but is absent 
from the whole Mogollon Range. The valley of the Rio Grande serves as a highway 
for a long northward extension and from this main valley it passes up the Rio 
Puerco and up the San Jose and is more or less distributed in the San Juan Valley in 
northwestern New Mexico. A few extend up the Rio Grande to Taos and into the 
San Luis Valley, Colorado; also up the Chama to Abiquiu or beyond. A long arm of 
the range follows the valley of the Pecos from the Texas line north to Ribera, and 
a similar extension from Texas up the Canadian River carries the range to Ray ado 
Creek and Chico Springs (Thurber, 1890, pp. 89-90). This is almost the extreme 
northern limit of the range of the species since only a comparatively few individuals 
are found in southeastern Colorado and northwestern Kansas. 
In fall and winter in Union County, at Clapham, October 25, 1893, and at 
Perico, January 3, 1894, two flocks of 20 each were seen; and at Brooks Ranch, 
4 miles north of Clapham, October 30, 1893, many were seen (Scton); November 5, 
1915, they were very abundant (Ligon). In the vicinity of the Carlsbad Bird Reserve 
January, 1915, they were plentiful from the low country to at least 6,500 feet in the 
Guadaloupe Mountains around ranches; noted during the winter of 1915-16 (noted 
in December, 1916; also, on the Rio Grande Bird Reserve (Elephant Butte), they 
were abundant November 23 -December 9, 1916 (Willett)].—W. W. Cooke. 
Seasonal fluctuations in distribution and abundance are especially striking in 
these quails. I n October, 1918, they covered nearly the entire State except the moun¬ 
tainous parts from Raton to the Arizona line, and from the Colorado line to Silver 
City, only about 50 miles from the Mexican line. While abundant over the southern 
and eastern parts of the State and extending up the Rio Grande to Taos and the 
mouth of the Rio Hondo, northwest of Taos, up the Rio Puerco to Cuba, and north¬ 
west as far as Haynes, they were absent from the western border of the State. But 
a year later, in August, 1919, within their breeding range, owing to three years’ 
drought and resulting exposure to enemies in a weakened condition, they had almost 
disappeared from western Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona. In the once 
well-stocked San Andres, Oscura, and Manzano Mountains, and also in the Pecos 
