SNIPES, SANDPIPERS, ETC.: CANADIAN CURLEW 261 
Additional Literature.—Grinnell, Bryant, and Storer, Game Birds of 
California, 438-445, 1918.— Silloway, P. M., Condor, II, 79-82, 1900; XI, 86-88, 
1909 (nest).— Thayer, G. H., Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, Fig. 
76, 1909. 
CANADIAN CURLEW: Numenius americanus occidentalis Woodhouse 
Description. —Like the Long-billed Curlew but smaller and bill much shorter. 
Length: About 19.2 inches; wing 10.2; bill 4.1. 
Range. —Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern, 
Manitoba south to northeastern South Dakota, central Wyoming, nort hern Idaho 
and northeastern California. Winters from central California, southern Arizona, 
southern Texas, Florida, and Georgia south to San Luis Potosi and Jalisco, Mexico, 
and southern Lower California. Migrates west to western Washington and western 
California, and east to Iowa, etc. 
State Records. —Near Albuquerque on August 20, 1851, Woodhouse took 
the specimen which he later made the type of his new species occidentalis. 1 Specimens 
were also taken ten miles northwest of the Capitan Mountains, August 28, 1903, and 
at the Mexican Boundary Line, Long. 30° 15', near Emory Monument 5, March 22, 
1892. 
HUDSONIAN CURLEW: Numenius hudsonicus Latham 
Description. — Male: Length: 16.5-18 inches, wing 9-10.2, bill 3-4, tarsus 2.2- 
2.3. Female larger than male. Smaller than the Long-billed, with (usually) 
shorter bill. Adults in breeding plumage: Variable; head striped, rest of upperparts 
grayish brown, mixed with bully to whitish; tail and wings marked with pinkish or 
cinnamon, primaries barred, axillars pinkish buff, obliquely barred with grayish brown, 
wing linings spotted or barred; underparts bufTy or whitish streaked with grayish 
brown, flanks tinged with cinnamon and barred or spotted; iris brown, bill blackish, 
lighter at base; legs and feet bluish gray. Young injuvenal plumage: Similar to adults 
but upperparts lighter, light spots larger, underparts pinkish buff. 
Range. —Breeds from Kotzebue Sound to mouth of Yukon, Alaska, and on coast 
of northern Mackenzie; winters from Lower California to southern Honduras and 
Guatemala, in Lesser Antilles, from Ecuador and Peru to southern Chile, and 
from British Guiana to mouth of Amazon; migrates mainly along coasts; casual 
on Pribilof Islands. 
State Records. —The Iludsonian Curlew is rare in the interior of North America 
since its main routes of migration are along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in passing 
from the Arctic breeding grounds to Middle and South America. Occasionally a 
few cross the plains east of the Rocky Mountains and one of these was taken at Fort 
Thorn, April, 1854 (Henry)—the only record for New Mexico.—W. W. Cooke. 
Additional Literature.—Bent, A. C., Educational Leaflet 62, Nat. Assoc. 
Audubon Soc.— Forbush, E. H., Birds of Massachusetts, I, 453-459, Plate 29 
(diagrams of wing patterns). 
[ESKIMO CURLEW: Phaeopus borealis (J. R. Forster) 
Description. — Length: 12.6-14.5 inches, wing 8-8.5, bill 2.2-2.5, tarsus 1.7-1.8. 
Like the Hudsonian Curlew but smaller, with slenderer bill; top of head sooty black, 
more or less streaked with pale buffy, especially along median line; primaries un¬ 
barred. 
1 Woodhouse, S. W., Description of a New Species of Numenius (Moehr), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, 194-195, 1852. 
