MAGPIES, JAYS, CROWS: RAVEN 
487 
found in one, a nest of four young of Felts domestica (Pussy-cat.) They 
were discovered by seeing the kittens peering from the nest, which 
was sixteen feet from the ground” (1908, p. 148). 
Additional Literature.—Berry, S. S., Condor, XXIV, 13-17, 1922.— Dice, 
L. R., Condor, XIX, 121-124, 1917 (nests).— Gilman, M. F., Condor, IX, 9-12, 
1907.— Kalmbach, E. R., Technical Bull. 24, tJ. S. Dept. Agr., 1927.— Miller, 
O. T., A Bird Lover in the West, 216-230, 1894.— Rockwell, R. B., Condor, XI, 
90-92, 1909.— Warren, E. R., Condor, IX, 5-9, 1907 (photographs of nest and 
young). 
RAVENS, CROWS, ETC.: Subfamily Corvinae 
Wings long and pointed, much exceeding tail; legs stout, fitted 
for walking as well as perching; sexes alike, changes in plumage slight. 
AMERICAN RAVEN: C6rvus c6rax sinuatus Wagler 
Description. — Length: About 21.5-2G inches, wing 15.1-18, tail 9-11, bill 2.4-3, 
depth of bill through nostril .8-1, tarsus 2.6-3. Expanse of wings 4—4p£ feet. 
Nostrils large, entirely concealed by nasal tufts more than half as long as bill, throat 
feathers lanceolate , disconnected. Adults: Plumage lustrous black , with purplish, 
blue, and green burnishing; feathers of neck dull gray at base. Young in juvenal 
plumage: Duller black, lusterless brownish below, except on throat and chest. 
Range. —Middle Western North America. Between northeastern Washington, 
western Wyoming, and southwestern Arizona on the west to central North Dakota, 
eastern Kansas, and central Texas on the east south through Lower California, Tepic 
and Vera Cruz to Honduras. Chiefly resident, but during fall and winter wanders 
more or less, especially in the United States. 
State Records. —The whole mountainous region of New Mexico is included in 
the range of the American Raven, and it breeds east at least to the Guadalupe 
Mountains (Bailey); Capitan Mountains (Gaut); Halls Peak (Barber); the Culebra 
Mountains, and on the plains, east to Cuervo (Bailey). [It was rather common in 
June, 1924, in the Abort section in southwestern Union County, where there were 
suitable nesting cliffs. Two were also observed, June 19, flying over Wheeler Peak 
and adjacent peaks (Ligon).] It breeds at 4,500 feet at Hachita (Goldman); and 
5,000 feet at Sliiprock (Gilman); to about 8,000 feet at Halls Peak (Barber) and 
Willis (Henshaw); and to 9,000 feet at Cloudcroft (Bailey). [In the Santa Fe re¬ 
gion, nests with eggs and young respectively were found on rim rock near La Bajada 
Hill at 6,500 feet, April 22,1922, and also on a cliff near the Lake Peak trail at 10,500 
feet, May 20, 1922 (Jensen).] Young in the nest were found May 26, 1903, near 
Santa Rosa (Bailey); and a nest with eggs April 3, 1913, at 7,200 feet near Beaver 
Lake, Catron County (Ligon). [It was common and nesting at Lake Burford, 6,250 
feet, May 23-June 19,1918 (Wetmore). On the G. O. S. Ranch, 40 miles northeast of 
Silver City, it was nesting April 20, 1919 (Kellogg). While it is found nesting abun¬ 
dantly from April 1 to 10, at about 7,500 feet, it proves to be most common on the 
tributaries of the Gila River, southwest of Magdalena; along the Puerco River north¬ 
west of Albuquerque, on the Gallina and Chama Rivers, and about Lamy in deep 
canyons. A nest was seen with feathered young June 16, 1917, at about 7,800 feet 
northeast of »Cloudcroft; and on July 7, 1917, five young going about with their 
parents on South Diamond Creek, at about 6,800 feet. On July 19, 1919, two 
adults with five young were seen on the Pecos River at 7,500 feet (Ligon).] 
In the fall the Ravens with their grown young ascend high into the mountains, 
even to the tops of the highest peaks. [On July 17 and IS, 1919, several were noted 
