MAGPIES, JAYS, CROWS: CLARK NUTCRACKER 501 
of rest in the pinyons behind the fort, was kept up for about two 
hours” (in Henshaw, 1875, p. 333). 
Additional Literature.—Cameron, E. S., Auk, XXIV, 394-396, 1907. — 
Henderson, Junius, Condor, XXII, 36, 1920 (migrations). 
CLARK NUTCRACKER: Nucifraga Columbiana (Wilson) 
Description. — Length: About 12-13 inches, length 7.1-8, tail 5.1-5.4. Adults: 
Nasal tufts and face white, rest of body gray (paler and browner in summer); upper 
tail coverts and central tail feathers black, the rest white, above and below. Wings 
Photograph by E. R. Warren 
Fig. 86. Nutcracker 
Caught in passing 
glossy black, secondaries broadly tipped with white. Young: Like summer adults but 
gray paler, black of wings and tail duller, wing coverts with grayish brown tips, 
feathers of breast sometimes tipped with white giving effect of spotting. 
Range. — Summers in Boreal Zones of western North America from Bristol Bay, 
Alaska, Alberta, and Montana south to high mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and 
southern California; winters south to southern New Mexico and southern Arizona. 
Recorded from northern Lower California, Manitoba, North Dakota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, Arkansas, and Louisiana. 
State Records. —No great number of nests of the Clark Nutcracker have ever 
been found and few of these in New' Mexico. [Three nests with young w'crc found 
by Jensen, July 4, 1921, in a small canyon below Santa Fe Lake, at an altitude of 
12,000 feet. As the bird is an early breeder, and eggs have been found in central 
