MAGPIES, JAYS, CROWS: CLARK NUTCRACKER 
505 
Brazos, and several were found, October 6, in the Gallinas Mountains, on 
the yellow pine ridges where they could feed on yellow pine seeds. 
The importance of timely vertical migration was well illustrated 
by a case of which we were told by Mr. Delgar, at Joseph, in the 
Mogollon Mountains. During a term of unusually severe weather in 
1888, when the snow was four feet deep in the mountains and lay 
thirteen inches deep around Mr. Delgar’s house for thirty-one days, a 
belated Nutcracker came down from the heights and stayed for a time 
about the stable; but not finding the food offered an adequate substitute 
for the nuts of the lower levels, to which its fellows had wisely descended, 
it finally died. 
Late in the fall of 1904, Mr. Gaut found the Clark Crows extremely 
numerous in the Manzano Mountains from the foothill regions up to 
the summits of the ridges. They would congregate in large numbers 
about the small mountain springs in the spruce gulches and make the 
air noisy with their loud harsh notes. Hunting for food, the bold, 
daring birds would come into camp and, finding his trap line, made it 
hard to keep it baited with meat (MS). 
Like other carnivorous birds, ever on the alert for food, as Mr. 
Munro points out, their attention is so quickly attracted by a passing 
coyote or deer that hunters can often take their cue as to the location 
of game from their excited cries (1919b, pp. 72-73). 
In the Cascade Mountains of British Columbia, where Mr. Racey 
found the Nutcrackers numerous from 5,500 to 7,500 feet, in June, 
1924, he was fortunate enough to discover two—apparently second- 
nests with young in stunted firs, at 6,000 feet (1926, p. 323). 
In the Yellowstone, where the hardy birds begin building about the 
first of February, Mr. Skinner has seen the brooding bird sit through 
raging snowstorms, often with the thermometer below zero, protecting 
herself by drawing down her body into her deep, thickly felted nest, 
only bill and tail showing above its rim. Knowing full well the danger 
of cold to the eggs or callow young, when approached by man, Mr. 
Skinner says, a brave mother has been known to submit to capture 
rather than desert her nest (1916, p. 64). 
Additional Literature.—Bendiiie, C. E., Auk, VI, 226-236, 1889.— Brad¬ 
bury, W. C., Condor, XIX, 149-155, 1917 (photograph of nests, eggs, and young). 
TITMICE, CHICKADEES, etc.: Family Paridae 
Comparisons— The family of Titmice, Chickadees, etc.—all birds under seven 
inches in length—in New Mexico contains representatives of three subfamilies: (1) 
Titmice and Chickadees, with bill conical, very short and stout, convex, not acute; 
nostrils entirely concealed, plumage without bright colors; nest in holes in trees; (2) 
Verdins, with bill longer and more slender than in (1), extremely acute, nostrils not 
concealed, plumage with bright colors (yellow on head, chestnut on scapulars); nest 
in trees or bushes, globular, and (3) Bush-Tits, similar to (1) in bill, concealed nostrils, 
