612 
BIRDS OF NEW MEXICO 
ford, one was found in the cottonwoods at camp in fresh fall plumage. 
Some years afterwards Doctor Wetmore again found the birds at Lake 
Burford, nesting in small numbers in gulches below the lake. A male 
“ encountered on an oak-grown hillside over which small yellow pines 
and Douglas firs were distributed” often flew up into the trees, usually 
conifers, “to remain quiet and sing from some hidden perch . . . 
The song, given constantly, was a rapid hurried trill, resembling the 
syllables tsee-ee-ee-ee-er-er-er ” (1920a, p. 409). 
In Nevada Dr. W. P. Taylor found the birds in “patches of low, 
tangled quaking aspens on the higher slopes of the mountains” (1912, 
p. 409). 
[OLIVE WARBLER: Peucedramus olivaceus (Giraud) 
Description. — Male: Length (skins) 4.4-5.1 inches, wing 2.8-3.1; tail 2; bill 
.3-.5; tarsus .7. Female slightly smaller. Adult male in summer: Head, neck , and 
chest orange-brown, except for broad black eye stripe; rest of upperparts mainly gray, 
tail and wing's dull blackish, with light edgings, tail with two or three outer pairs 
of feathers partly white; wings with two conspicuous white bars, median underparts 
dull white, sides gray; bill blackish, brownish at base above. Adult male in unnter: 
Like summer male but brown duller, more clay-color, back more olivaceous, and sides 
browner. Adult female and male of second year: Brown of male replaced by yellow¬ 
ish, black of eye-stripe by dusky; throat sometimes nearly white; white wing bars 
narrower than in adult male. Young in juvenal plumage: Upperparts dusky olive- 
brown, sides of head and neck and anterior underparts buffy; greater coverts tipped 
with yellowish, median coverts with white. 
Range. —Breeds in Transition Zone of the mountains of southern and central 
Arizona and south on highlands of Mexico to Guatemala; winters mainly in highlands 
of Mexico and Guatemala (a few probably winter in Arizona). 
State Records. —In McKnight Canyon, which opens on the Mimbres River at 
the Three Circle Ranch, Dr. W. H. Bergtold, on October 4 and 5, 1906, saw a number 
of warblers that he identified as Olive Warblers. As this was the first occurrence 
noted for New Mexico and a “sight identification,” he did not publish the record, 
and now urges that it be disregarded. But in view of Doctor Bergtold’s reputation 
as an observer, and the fact that he had previously become so familiar with the birds 
in Chihuahua and Durango that he was then and is now “certain” that they were 
Olive Warblers, together with the fact that they have been found by Dr. A. K. 
Fisher in the Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona and should be looked for in adjoining 
ranges in New Mexico, it seems important that the attention of collectors be called 
to the matter in the hope that specimens will be obtained which will corroborate 
Doctor Bergtold’s highly probable “sight identification.” 
Nest. —In the fork of a conifer 30 to 50 feet from the ground, made like those of 
the gnatcatchers with bits of moss, lichen, fir blossoms, and spider web, lined with 
rootlets. Eggs: 3 or 4, olive-gray or sage-green, with black markings sometimes 
almost obscuring the ground color. 
General Habits. —This brown-fronted Warbler, first definitely 
recorded from the United States by Mr. Henshaw, who found it on 
Mount Graham, in Arizona, is a bird of open pine forests, which feeds 
in a leisurely manner more like that of a Yireo or a Pine Warbler than 
