624 
BIRDS OF NEW MEXICO 
examined the nest the female stayed within five feet of him, improving 
the time by eating caterpillars. While she was brooding, the male was 
usually singing or chipping not less than fifty yards away (1902, p. 
84). This is farther away from the nest than most of the Warblers sing, 
judging from those watched by Mr. Mousley in his interesting study of 
the distance of the singing tree from the nest (1919, pp. 339-348), 
though the Black-throated Blue he watched sang from fifty to ninety 
yards away, possibly due to exceptional conditions. 
Additional Literature.—Bowles, C. W., Condor, IV, 82-85, 1902.— Finley, 
W. L., American Birds, 127-135, 1907. 
TOWNSEND WARBLER: Dendroica townsendi (J. K. Townsend) 
Description. — Male: Length (skins) 4.2-4.S inches, wing 2.5-2.7, tail 1.8-2, 
bill .3-.4, tarsus 1.1-1.2. Female: Length (skins) 4.2-4.9 inches, wing 2.4-2.6, 
tail 1.8-2, bill .3-.4, tarsus 1.1-1.2. Adult male in spring and summer: Crown, throat, 
and cheeks black, black of cheeks set in yellow; back, scapulars, and rump, bright olive- 
green, with black arrow-shaped markings; wings and tail 
blackish edged with gray, tail with two outer feathers 
largely white, wings with two conspicuous white bars; 
spot under eye,and breast, yellow; belly white, sides streaked 
with black. Adult male in fall and winter: Like the 
summer male but black of head obscured by olive-green 
feather tips, and of throat by yellow feather margins, 
chest and sides spotted with black. Adult female in 
spring and summer: Similar to spring male but crown 
olive-green spotted with black, cheeks olive, and black 
and white markings restricted; throat and breast obscurely marked with black. 
Adult female in fall and winter: Like spring female but upperparts, sides, and flanks 
slightly brownish, black markings less distinct. Young in juvenal plumage: Upper- 
parts brown, broad superciliary line, buffy; belly white. 
Range. —Breeds in Boreal and Transition Zones from Prince William Sound 
and upper Yukon south to western Montana and Washington; winters from west- 
central California to Guatemala; in migration throughout Arizona and east to eastern 
parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, and in western Texas. 
State Records. —During migration, in both spring and fall, the Townsend 
Warbler crosses New Mexico. The earliest fall date is August 2, 1886, at Apache 
(Anthony); and the latest, October 18, 1902, at Gallo Canyon southeast of Corona 
(Gaut). It was noted in the Jcmez Mountains up to 10,000 feet, August 28, 1906 
(Bailey); and to 9,000 feet in September, 1908, in the San Francisco Mountains of 
the Gila National Forest (Birdseye). It ranged east to Coyote Creek near Black 
Lake, 8,000 feet, September 8, 1903 (Bailey), and to Penasco, in the Sacramento 
Mountains, September 6, 1902 (Hollister). At 7,800 feet, near Willis, it was found 
August 25 to September 28, 1883 (Henshaw). 
In the spring, it was taken April 23, 1886, at Apache (Anthony); and May 
6, 1904, at Rinconada (Surber).—W. W. Cooke. 
Nest. —In small firs, made externally of weed stems and grasses lined with horse¬ 
hair (Silloway), or made of cedar bark, with a few fir twigs interwoven; lined with 
the stems of moss and flowers, patched externally with silvery plant fiber (Bowles). 
Eggs: White, sprinkled or wreathed with browns and purples. 
From Handbook (Fucrtcs) 
Fig. 109. Townsend 
Warbler 
