WARBLERS: PILEOLATED WARBLER 
631 
parts gray; underparts more or less tinged with pink; bill brownish. In fall, nape 
and rump often rose-tinged, back sometimes suffused with red (Chapman). Adult 
female: Often indistinguishable from male but usually slightly duller. Young in 
Juvenal 'plumage: Upperparts grayish brown, crown browner, nape buffy, rump white, 
wings with two buffy bands; anterior underparts grayish brown, belly white, sides 
grayish or brownish. 
Range. —Mainly in Transition Zone in mountains of southeastern Arizona and 
southwestern New Mexico, south through Mexico to highlands of Guatemala. 
State Records. —The Red-faced Warbler breeds in the mountains of southwest¬ 
ern New Mexico, north to the Rowderhorn Canyon near the head of the Mimbres, 
where several were seen and collected May 24-25, 1906 (Bailey). [A nest with four 
well-incubated eggs was found on June 27, 1920, 25 miles southwest of Chloride, 
head of South Diamond, at 7,800 feet, where the birds were common (Ligon)]. It 
was found at Fort Bayard on July 16, 1876 (Brewster). 
In the fall migration it was seen in the Animas Mountains at 7,200 feet on August 
7, 1908 (Goldman); in the Gila National Forest, August 22-23, 1908 (Bailey); 
Carolina Divide, near Silver City, September, 1884 (Marsh). 
In the spring, [one was seen on April 24,1919, in the Black Range, 35 miles 
southwest of Chloride, at 7,000 feet, and one on April 19, 1919, on the G. O. S. 
Ranch about 35 miles northeast of Silver City at about 7,500 feet (Ligon). A speci¬ 
men was taken on May 12, 1918, at Silver City (Kellogg).]—W. W. Cooke. 
Nest. —On the ground, under a log, vine, or bunch of grass; made largely of fine 
straws, rootlets, strips of bark, leaves, and hair. Eggs: 4, white, spotted with reddish 
brown over the entire shell, most thickly around the larger end. 
General Habits. —In the breeding season the strikingly marked 
Red-faced Warblers are found from 7,000 feet upwards. In August, 
Mr. Henshaw found them on Mount Graham, Arizona, in flocks of 
ten or fifteen, among the pines and spruces. Their habits, he says, 
“are a rather strange compound, now resembling those of Warblers, 
again recalling the Redstarts, but more often, perhaps, bringing to 
mind the less graceful motions of the familiar Titmice. Their favorite 
hunting places appeared to be the extremities of the limbs of the 
spruces, over the branches of which they passed with quick motion, 
and a peculiar and constant sidewise jerk of the tail . . . but they 
are abundantly able to take their prey on the wing, and accomplish 
this much after the style of the Redstarts” (1875, p. 212). 
PILEOLATED WARBLER: Wils6nia pusflla pileolata (Pallas) 
Plate 65 
Description .— Male: Length (skins) 4.1-4.4 inches, wing 2.1-2.3, tail 1.8-2, 
bill .3-.4, tarsus, .7-.8. Female: Length (skins) 4.1-4.5 inches, wing 2.1-2.2, tail 
1.8-1.9, bill .3-4, tarsus 1-1.1. Bill (for flycatching) wide and flat, with conspicuous 
rictal bristles. Adult male in spring and summer: Crown glossy blue-black, forehead 
orange, rest of upperparte bright yellowish olive-green; wings and tail without white 
marks; superciliary and underparts vivid yellow; bill brownish black above, flesh- 
colored below. Adult male in fall and winter: Similar to spring male but black cap 
narrowly tipped with olive. Adult female in spring and summer: Sometimes not dis¬ 
tinguishable from spring male, but usually with black cap less sharply defined and 
