limbed trees, with dense, stubby, one-inch 
leaves, reduced to pairs, and wedged in be¬ 
tween the dwarfed cones one to two inches 
long, the latter held tightly, often through the 
life of the tree. 
Thus these brave little pines hold the forts 
along the bleak northern coast to the for¬ 
bidding glaciers of Alaska; not alone succeed¬ 
ing by their intrepidity, but, stooping to con¬ 
quer, they dispense with the garniture enjoyed 
by their relatives of the interior, and modify 
remaining organs to the requirements of des¬ 
perate battle. 
Near Mendocino are wind breaks composed 
of this pine so dense and extensive that strange 
plants from the interior are encouraged to 
journey to the coast, there to flourish and 
flaunt their graces in serene security, while the 
dairy stock of the vicinity during wintry 
storms seek the shelter of this living wall 
of subjugated trees. 
TWO HEAVY-CONE PINES 
The Gray Pine (P. Sabiniana), with its 
whitish foliage resembling clouds of smoke 
at a distance, is found in the gulches and on 
the foot-hills sparsely from the Tehachapi 
Pass to Redding. It bears very large and 
heavy cones, three to five pounds; its leaves 
are in threes and whitened with powder. 
When young this is one of the prettiest pines ; 
older, the trees are apt to divide near the 
base, and the leaves—all but those of the 
season—droop or fall away, giving the limbs 
a tufted appearance. 
A second species of the Heavy-cone group 
has become celebrated. Who of California, 
especially southern California, has not seen 
or heard of the Big-cone Pine ( P . Coulteri), 
named for the discoverer ? The cones in 
