DESCRIPTION OF AREA. 
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Farm tenure and labor .—Of the 2577 farms is Jackson county 
reported by the United States census of 1920, the greatest num¬ 
ber, 991, lie between 100 to 175 acres in size, 622 farms were 
50 to 99 acres in size, and 425 were 175 to 260 acres in size. 
Moderate to large size farms are the rule, although where 
special crops are grown exclusively the farms are often much 
smaller. 86.3 per cent of the farms are operated by owners, 
12.7 per cent by tenants, and 1 per cent by managers. 
Labor on farms is generally American born, obtained from 
the immediate locality. Prewar wages were from $30 to $40 
per month with board, although during the last few seasons as 
much as two times this price has been paid due to war condi¬ 
tions. In general, farm help is scarce and the special crops such 
as tobacco and cucumbers have been reduced in acreage on many 
farms because of the labor shortage. 
Land values .—Farm land ranges greatly in price. The best 
land in the well developed Knox silt loam country often sells for 
$100 to $200 an acre, and an occasional wooded poorly located 
piece can be bought for $35 to $40. In the east half and the 
sandy districts, wild land may be had for $5 to $20 per acre 
and partly developed land for from $20 to $40 per acre. Values 
in all parts of the county vary greatly depending upon location, 
lay of the land, improvements, soil, and the manner in which 
fertility has been kept up. The producing capacity of farms 
in each district varies even on the same soil according to the 
methods followed, and the personal equasion of the farmer must 
always be considered in passing upon the value of a farm. 
SOILS 
Jackson county lies almost entirely within the unglaciated por¬ 
tion of Wisconsin, and in its geological formations, soil condi¬ 
tions, and topography, it is representative of large areas in the 
central and southwestern parts of the state. 
Throughout nearly all of the county the uppermost rock con¬ 
sists of Potsdam sandstone. Over the western portion of the 
area this rock outcrops in numerous places forming the steep 
rocky slopes of valley walls, isolated mounds or long narrow 
ridges where the rock has been more resistant to processes of 
weathering. In the eastern portion of the county there are also 
