16 
SOIL SURVEY OF JACKSON COUNTY 
numerous isolated mounds of sandstone which, as indicated else¬ 
where, form a conspicuous feature of the landscape. 
The outcrops of this rock determine the classification, and 
make up a considerable portion of the type mapped as Rough 
Stony Land. 
Granitic rocks form the bed rock formation along the Black 
. River from Black River Falls north. In the immediate vicinity 
of City Point, in the extreme eastern part of the county, the 
surface rock is also granite. 
From the standpoint of soils, the whole county may be con¬ 
sidered as being unglaciated, but along the extreme northern bor¬ 
der of the county, there are various indications of glaciation. 
These are chiefly glacial bowlders and gravel in places. No 
pronounced moraine is found there. The glaciation repre¬ 
sented is Pre-Wisconsin, and because of its extreme age and 
that its action along the southern border was very feeble, the 
influence on the present-day soils is not sufficient to recognize 
in our soil classification of Jackson county. 
The surface of nearly all of the western portion of the county 
is covered to a depth of from less than two feet to over ten feet, 
with a mantle of extremely silty material which is undoubtedly 
loess. It is extremely silty at the surface, the clay content grad¬ 
ually increasing with depth, and in cuts a laminated structure 
is often observed. This material is supposed to have been de¬ 
posited by action of the wind, following early glacial periods. 
It is extremely fine in texture having a smooth feel like flour. 
At one time this entire western portion of the county was 
doubtless covered with this material, which has been removed 
by erosion in places, especally where the deposit was thin, and 
the underlying sandy material or sand rock was exposed. 
In the survey of Jackson County, the various soil forming 
materials have been classified into ten soil series and nineteen 
soil types, not including peat and rough stony land. In a num¬ 
ber of instances phases of types have been recognized. The soil 
series, which correspond to the family groups, are not shown 
on the map, which accompanies this report, and the series are 
described here only briefly. The individual soil types, however, 
are shown on the map, each being indicated by a distinct color. 
It is the soil types in which we are especially interested since 
the type is the unit in mapping and classifying soils. Following 
is a complete list of the soil types mapped in the county, and 
