34 SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
and Milwaukee, as does also the potato crop. Daily products 
find a market throughout the middle west. 
SOILS 
Waupaca County, in common with several other counties in 
the central portion of Wisconsin, owes the general character of 
its surface material to several distinct methods of accumula¬ 
tion. These materials may be glacial, lacustrine or alluvial. 
To these important agencies may be added the accumulation of 
organic matter in low places which has resulted in the forma¬ 
tion of peat. 
In the geological classification based upon the character of 
the underlying rocks, the county falls into three divisions. The 
surface rock in the northwestern portion of the county consists 
of crystalline rock, chiefly of granite and gneiss. Throughout 
this granitic rock region, rock outcrops are frequently seen. 
Stone and boulders are plentiful. 
In the extreme southeastern corner of the county in the 
southeastern portion of Caledonia township, there is a remnant 
of Lower Magnesian limestone which outcrops or comes very 
near the surface in Sections 11, 12, 13 and 14. 
All of the remainder of the county, which makes up a total 
of over half of the area surveyed, has Potsdam sandstone as the 
surface rock formation. As this rock is rather soft there are 
but few outcrops, and in most cases it is buried at a consider¬ 
able depth by glacial, lacustrine and alluvial materials. The 
accompanying sketch shows the extent of the three rock forma¬ 
tions within Waupaca County. 
All of the county has been traversed by an ice sheet of the 
Late Wisconsin glaciation. The section of the county having 
the most pronounced glacial features is the west half of the 
county, and especially the northwest quarter. Stream terraces 
and outwash plains are numerous in the southwestern part of 
the county, and rather extensive terraces are also found along 
Pigeon River in the north-central part of the county. Exten¬ 
sive alluvial deposits occur along the Embarrass and Wolf Riv¬ 
ers. Pot-holes, recessional moraines and drumlins are other 
evidences of glaciation which are found in various parts of the 
county. Marshes are quite plentiful, and from a geological 
standpoint the topography of the whole area is young. The 
