20 
SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
In most cases this soil is free from large stones and bowlders; 
although about the margins of areas some may be found, and 
stones from 4-8. inches in diameter may also occur in small 
numbers. 
Topography and drainage. —The surface varies from level to 
very slightly undulating and because of the underlying coarse 
material, the natural drainage is good. There are only a few 
small sags or potholes where the drainage is deficient. 
Origin. —The type is of alluvial origin and consists largely of 
crystalline glacial debris deposited as outwash material or val¬ 
ley fill. None of the soil-forming particles are of a calcareous 
nature, and the type shows varying degrees of acidity. 
Native vegetation. —The original timber growth consisted of 
maple, birch, and hemlock with a small amount of pine. 
Present agricultural development .—Antigo silt loan is an 
excellent soil and most of it is cleared, placed under cultivation, 
and in prosperous farms. Its freedom from stones makes it 
more desirable than some of the upland types. The type is 
well adapted to small grains, grasses, potatoes, root crops, etc. 
Corn makes excellent silage and often matures, but cannot be 
counted on to mature every season. 
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FERTILITY OF ANTIGO SILT LOAM, AND 
KENNAN SILT LOAM 
The soils of the Antigo, and Kennan series have a good sup¬ 
ply of the mineral elements phosphorus and potassium. 
Phosphorus. —The total amount of phosphorus in an acre to 
a depth of 8 inches varies from 1,100 to 1,400 pounds. This 
would be sufficient for 100 to 150 crops if all were available, but 
it is never practicable to secure good growth from such soils af¬ 
ter the total phosphorous has been reduced to six or eight 
hundred pounds and better results are always secured when the 
total phosphorous content of this layer of soil is retained at 
from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds per acre 8 inches. A farmer on this 
land, therefore, should adopt plans which will maintain the 
present supply ol this element rather than attempt to draw on 
it even for a short number of years. The availabilitv of this 
element requires a good supply of organic matter. 
I ot as slum. The element potassium exists in very much larger 
amounts in these soils than does the element phosphorus—in 
fact they contain on the average approximately 30,000 pounds 
