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SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
CHAPTER III. 
GROUP OF LOAMS AND FINE SANDY LOAMS 
KENNAN LOAM 
Extent and distribution .—The Kennan loam is one of the ex¬ 
tensive and important soils in the area. It is confined chiefly 
to the west half of the county, and the most extensive areas oc¬ 
cur in the northwestern quarter of the area. Throughout the 
region north of Iola, Northland and Big Falls, and north to 
the county line, the loam is the predominating soil. 
Description .—The surface soil of this type to a depth of from 
10 to 12 inches consists of a brown, or grayish-brown, or buff 
colored loam or somewhat gritty silt loam. Tnis is underlain 
by a brown compact gravelly sandy loam or sandy clay which 
gradually changes at from 24 to 30 inches or below into ma¬ 
terial of a much more sandy and gravelly nature. The gravelly 
material is frequently so plentiful in the subsoil that boring is 
impossible in the lower depths. Typically there are a moderate 
number of stones and bowlders on the surface and through the 
soil, but these are not so numerous as to interfere seriously with 
cultivation. There are marked exceptions to this rule, however, 
and in some cases the number of stones and bowlders is so great 
as to interfere seriously with cultural operations. In such cases 
their presence has been indicated on the map by appropriate 
symbols. From many fields the stones have been removed and 
some stone fences are seen in various parts of the area. In 
places there is a small amount of gravel on the surface and in 
the upper subsoil, but such material is most abundant in the 
lower subsoil. The texture of the Kennan loam is somewhat 
variable and frequently approaches a fine sandy loam. In fact 
some areas of fine sandy loam have been included where they 
were of limited extent and where the change of one type to an¬ 
other was very gradual. 
Topography and drainage .—The surface of the Kennan loam 
varies from undulating to rolling and somewhat hilly. Al- 
