36 
SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
table. The soil responds especially well to a phosphate fertil¬ 
izer.* 
SUPERIOR LOAM, ROLLING PHASE 
Extent and distribution .—The Superior loam rolling phase is 
generally associated with other soils of this series. It is con¬ 
fined to the eastern half of the county where it is an important 
soil. It is most extensive in the southeastern quarter of the 
county and there are also numerous areas southwest of Marion 
and east of Symco. 
Description .—The surface of this phase to an average depth 
of 8 to 10 inches consists of a dark brown or grayish brown 
loam which is usually somewhat gritty. This material usually 
becomes somewhat lighter in color and more compact in the 
lower surface section and remains quite loamy to a depth of 14 
to 16 inches. While these depths represent the average, there 
is some variation in this respect and the loamy material in 
places extends to nearly two feet. The change to the subsoil 
is usually quite abrupt and the heavy pinkish-red clay is gen¬ 
erally found at 14 to 16 inches below the surface. This heavy, 
compact red clay extends to a depth of more than 3 feet, often 
times many feet—though in the lower portion of the 3 foot sec¬ 
tion it sometimes becomes lighter in color, and may contain a 
few thin layers of sandy material. In numerous places granitic 
stones and bowlders were originally found upon the surface, 
but in many fields these have been entirely removed. Places 
were seen, however, where the bowlders were still present and 
where they were sufficiently numerous to interfere with culti¬ 
vation. Gravel and some small rock fragments are frequently 
present in the soil and subsoil. The gravel and stones are most 
plentiful along the most westerly occurrences of the type, where 
it borders the soils of the Kennan series. In many places ex¬ 
tensive areas are almost entirely stone free. As a whole the 
material forming this soil is quite uniform, the chief variation 
being in the stoniness. There is an exception to this, however, 
in Sec. 13 and 14 Town of Caledonia where the subsoil is not 
red, but of a yellowish-brown color. Here the material also 
rests upon limestone rock which occurs within the three foot 
section in places. This phase is really Miami loam, but be¬ 
cause of its limited extent it was included with the Superior. 
* For chemical composition and improvement of this soil see page 43. 
