42 
SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
Description .—'The surface soil of this phase to an average 
depth of 10 inches consists of a rather loose, brown sandy loam, 
which in places becomes as light as a loamy sand. This is usu¬ 
ally underlain by a lighter colored sand or loamy sand for sev¬ 
eral inches and this in turn grades quite abruptly into the 
heavy red or pinkish red clay characteristic of the Supeiioi 
series. A small amount of gravel may be found on the surface 
and in some localities granitic bowlders occur, though seldom in 
sufficient numbers to interfere with farming operations. The 
depth of sandy material over the clay is somewhat variable, but 
is seldom over 2 feet deep. The amount of organic matter in 
the surface soil is rather low, except in some of the lower places 
where a more moist condition has favored the development of 
more natural vegetation. 
Topography and drainage .—The surface soil varies from gen¬ 
tly rolling to rolling, and in a few places it is rather hilly. Be¬ 
cause of the eneven surface the natural drainage is good. 
Origin .—The subsoil of this type is lacustrine in origin and 
since its finest deposition has been influenced by glacial action. 
The surface material is doubtless largely of glacial origin in part 
from sandstone rocks and in part from crystalline rocks. The 
surface soil is usually slightly acid, but the subsoil is not acid 
and usually contains considerable lime carbonate. 
Native vegetation .—The original timber consisted chiefly of ' 
oaks, maple, hickory with some pine in places. 
Present agricultural development *—Approximately half of 
the type is being cultivated at present, the remainder being in 
second growth timber or in pasture. This is a good soil and 
while devoted chiefly to general farming it is doubtless better 
adapted to trucking crops and a more intensive system of farm¬ 
ing. All crops common to the region are grown, and corn, for 
example usually does better than on the heavier types because 
it gets an earlier start in the spring. The soil is easy to culti¬ 
vate and responds readily to soil improvements. While stable 
manure is about the only fertilizer now used, commercial fertil¬ 
izers can be used with profit, and farmers should look into the 
merits of such fertilizers. 
* See page 43 for chemical composition and improvement. 
