02 SOIL SURVEY OF WAUPACA COUNTY. 
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differing chiefly by being acid, while the Clyde soils are not acid. 
From the standpoint of plant food elements which they contain 
these two types represent the best balanced soils in Wisconsin. 
Whitman silt loam contains from 3—5 times as much nitrogen 
and organic matter as does the average light colored heavy soil 
of the same region. It contains from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds pei 
acre of phosphorus in the surface 8 inches, and from 40,000 to 
50,000 pounds of potassium. 
In the improvement of this type the first step is to supply 
adequate drainage. Open ditches will not be sufficient by them¬ 
selves, and should be supplemented by the use of tile drains. 
When well drained this will be one of the strongest and natur¬ 
ally most productive soils of the county. Because of the ex¬ 
tremely low position the reclaiming of some of this land would 
require diking, which under present conditions would not be 
justified. 
dunning fine sandy loam 
Extent and distribution .—This soil is found rather widely dis¬ 
tributed throughout the county, usually in small bodies and 
narrow strips along water courses. In but few instances does 
a single area exceed one square mile in extent. The soil is 
found most extensively in the eastern half of the county-- 
mostly in the southeastern quarter, where it is associated with 
other low-lying soils along the valley of the Wolf River. 
Smaller tracts occur along the Embarrass River and also along 
smaller streams of the county. 
Description .—The surface soil of this type consists of a dark 
brown to black fine sandy loam extending to a depth of from 
8 to 12 inches. In places the texture approaches a sandy loam, 
while in other places it is nearly a very fine sandy loam. In all 
cases it contains a large amount of organic matter and there is 
frequently a thin covering of peaty or mucky material over the 
surface of the type. This is not deep enough, however, to be 
classed as shallow peat. The subsoil consists of a grayish, or 
grayish brown fine sandy loam or gritty sandy clay loam con¬ 
taining considerable silt in places. The deep subsoil is often 
mottled, especially where there is the most clay present. The 
texture of the type is quite variable but is always somewhat 
sandy, high in organic matter and low-lying. 
