24 
SOIL SURVEY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY. 
pounds of lime and two tons of red clover requires 61.6 pounds. 
A much larger amount is removed by leaching each year and 
these losses must be made up by the application of lime in order 
to maintain the fertility of this soil. 
Tests show that the subsoil is usually well supplied with lime 
and that the deficiency is confined largely to the surface soils. 
While it will be seen from tests that part of this land shows 
some degrees of acidity it does not mean that all of this land 
is in immediate need of lime. Where such crops as alfalfa, 
sugar beets, tobacco, peas, cabbage and other garden crops are 
grown and where the acidity is medium two tons per acre of 
ground limestone may be used with profit. Where a liberal sup¬ 
ply of manure is available the need for lime will not be so great. 
Where such crops as corn, clover and oats are grown with 
manure applied once during each rotation a smaller amount of 
lime will be needed. On parts of the farm where manure cannot 
be applied the lime can be used with profit on such soils and 
may be actually necessary for economic production. The greater 
need will usually be on the higher places, rather than on the 
lower slopes. 
It has been quite definitely established that the need for lime 
in acid soils runs practically parallel with the need of phos¬ 
phorus. The use of lime alone will not make enough phos¬ 
phorus available, and the use of a phosphate fertilizer will not 
supply the lime requirements of the soil. Either lime alone 
or acid phosphate alone will give increased yields, but neither 
alone will give as great an increase nor as profitable an increase 
as when both are supplied. In the improvement of acid soils, 
therefore, provisions for the use of both lime and a phosphate 
fertilizer should be made. 
Phosphorus exists in all soils in Wisconsin in small amounts. 
Many of the best types in the state contain only 1,200 pounds 
to the acre eight inches deep, and this is in a form which be¬ 
comes available to crops very slowly. Phosphorus is constantly 
being lost from the farm in crops, milk and in the bones of ani¬ 
mals sold. It is well understood that when grain, hay, potatoes 
or other cash crops are sold, this element is removed from the 
farm. This element cannot be supplied from the air and in 
