40 
SOIL SURVEY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY . 
Another variation occurs in the town of Liberty in sections 13 
and 14, and also in a number of other localities, but always in 
small patches. This soil is the same as the Coloma fine sand to 
a depth of 24 to 36 inches where it is underlain by the red clay 
typical of the Superior series. Because of this underlying clay, 
this phase is a better soil than the typical, and would have been 
mapped as the Superior fine sand or fine sandy loam, rolling 
phase, had it been of sufficient extent. 
Topography and drainage .—The topography of this type 
ranges from undulating to hilly. On account of its loose, open 
structure, the natural drainage is somewhat excessive, and the 
type is very liable to sutler from drought except during seasons 
of excessive rainfall. 
Present agricultural development .—*Over seventy-five per 
cent of the Coloma fine sand is under cultivation to the general 
farm crops common to this region. Corn gives an average yield 
of about twenty bushels, oats fifteen to twenty bushels, rye 
twelve bushels, timothy and clover three-fourths to one ton, and 
potatoes from fifty to one hundred bushels an acre. By careful 
cultivation, rotation, and fertilization, these yields have been 
more than doubled by some farmers. 
Over most of this type but little attention is given to the se¬ 
lection of a rotation particularly adapted to this soil. The 
methods of cultivation are similar to those followed on other 
sandj" types of the county. The soil is loose and open, and is 
very easity cultivated. 
It may be said of this type as a whole that the methods now 
followed upon it are not such as tend to increase its productiv¬ 
ity, although there are exceptions where more up-to-date meth¬ 
ods are being practiced. 
COLOMA FINE SANDY LOAM. 
The surface soil of this type to an average depth of eight to 
ten inches consists of a light brown to grayish brown fine sandy 
loam, which rests upon a subsoil of about the same texture, but 
having a somewhat lighter color. In the lower depths, the ma¬ 
terial is usually a fine yellow sand, with which varying amounts 
of fine gravel may be found. The material is quite uniform in 
texture, and is stone free. 
♦For chemical composition and fertility of this soil see page 42. 
