SOIL SURVEY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY. 
46 
The timber growth consisted of ash, elm, maple, with some 
oak, hickory, birch, willow, poplar, alders, etc. The best timber 
has been removed. But very little of this type is under culti¬ 
vation. When well drained, it yields fair results when the crops 
common to the region are grown. It is an easier soil to handle 
than the Poygan silt loam and clay loam, but the yields, especial¬ 
ly of grains and hay, are not as large. 
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FERTILITY OF POYGAN CLAY LOAM, SILT 
LOAM, AND FINE SANDY LOAM. 
These soils have relatively large amounts of organic matter 
accumulated as a result of poor drainage. The supply of phos¬ 
phorus is usually fairly high, but in some cases it is not readily 
available. Its availability will depend largely upon the rate of 
decomposition of the organic matter. The total amount of po¬ 
tassium is fair in the fine sandy loam, and large in the silt loam 
and clay loam, but the chief question here also is regarding its 
availability. 
While soils well supplied with vegetable matter as these are 
do not need special treatment with reference to potassium and 
phosphorus immediately after reclamation, they very generally 
do show a need of care in this regard within a few years, and 
patches of these types frequently fail to produce satisfactory 
crops even immediately after drainage and breaking unless stable 
manure or special mineral fertilizers are used. 
In the improvement of these types the first step is, of course, 
drainage. Both open ditches and tile drains can be installed to 
advantage. Plowing fields in narrow lands with dead furrows 
two to four rods apart, and having these lead into shallow open 
ditches along the side of the field, will greatly assist in carrying 
off surface water. In order to make the internal drainage of 
the soil complete, however, tile drains should be used to supple¬ 
ment the surface ditches. 
With thorough drainage these soils will be adapted to a wide 
range of general crops. Special crops such as cabbage and sugar 
beets are well suited to these lands when drained. 
WHITMAN LOAM. 
Extent and distribution .—This type is of small extent, occu¬ 
pying less than ten square miles in the county. The two largest 
