64 
SOIL SUEYEY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY. 
grown instead of spring rye, since the yields are materially 
higher, the average for several years at the Madison Station 
giving 44.1 bushels (winter rye), and 23.9 bushels spring rye. 
The weight per bushel of the winter rye is also somewhat higher 
than the spring rye. Rye can be grown with profit on heavy 
soils as well as light soils, but as indicated, it gives better re¬ 
sults on the sandy land than the other small grains. 
Potatoes where grown on a commercial scale usually give 
more satisfactory results on soils which are somewhat sandy. 
Potato growing in Outagamie County is not so highly developed 
as in Portage or Waushara County, but there are soils here 
which are very well adapted to this crop. The Superior fine 
sandy loam, rolling phase, should be especially well suited to 
potato growing. Very good yields have been secured on the 
heavy clay lands similar to those in Outagamie County, but the 
difficulties of growing and harvesting are much greater than 
on lighter soils. 
In regard to root crops, carrots and rutabagas do better than 
mangles or beets on the light soils. Excellent yields of mangles 
and beets have been secured on the Superior clay loam. Mon¬ 
arch rutabagas have yielded on an average of 24.57 tons an 
acre, and the Bangholm rutabagas yielded 21 tons an acre. The 
Mammoth long red mangle yielded 17.49 tons an acre, and sugar 
beets yielded 17.87 tons an acre. 
The various types of farming are also influenced by soil con¬ 
ditions, and the dairy industry is most highly developed in the 
region of heavy soils. Agriculture is less developed in the por¬ 
tions of the county where the soils are of a sandy nature. 
ROTATION OF CROPS. 
• ' 
In discussing rotations, farm crops may be divided into three 
classes: 
1. Grain crops—generally shallow feeders, add little humus 
or organic matter, and tend to weediness. 
2. Ilay crops—legumes, timothy, etc. Legumes have exten¬ 
sive root systems, tap roots, add organic matter or humus and 
also plant food (nitrogen). They also improve the physical 
condition of the soil. 
3. Cultivated crops—corn, potatoes, etc., conserve moisture, 
favor decomposition of organic matter, and destroy weeds. 
Some are deep feeders, as corn, while root crops are shallow 
feeders. 
